kleding, accessoires & textiel
1. Let op het verschil tussen BrE en AmE maten en gewichten, en hoe deze vertaald worden in het Nederlands (link).
Zie ook de Wikipedia website (link)
of gebruik een online omrekentabel voor het vergelijken van Britse en/of Amerikaanse gewichten, inhoudsmaten, afstanden, oppervlaktes, afstanden, etc. (link).
Let ook op de verschillende BrE en AmE schoen- en kledingmaten.(let vooral op de damesmaten) (link).
Op wikipedia (link)
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2. ‘maatwerk’
(BrE) bespoke betekent dat zowel de stof, ontwerp en maat van de kleding op bestelling worden geleverd; vgl custom-made / tailor made;
‘maatconfectie’ = (BrE) made to measure betekent dat de kleding op maat wordt geleverd volgens een al bestaand ontwerp en bepaalde stof.
3. suspender(s) / braces/ garters
(BrE) suspenders = (1) jarretels, (2) sokophouders
(AmE) suspenders = bretels = (BrE) braces
(BrE ook) braces = bretels
(BrE/AmE) brace(s) = (orthopedisch/orthodontische) beugel
(BrE) garter(s) = kousenband(en)
(AmE) garters = garter belt = (1) jarretels, (2) sokophouders
Voorbeeld van (BrE) braces:
– Fred wore the same shirt most days. His braces were frayed and his eyes permanently bloodshot. (Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, ch. 2)
– I’d better (…) stop complaining about the braces on my teeth. (Frances Fyfield, The Art of Drowning, ch. 5)
Voorbeeld van (BrE) suspenders (Ned.: jarretels):
– The underwear, nylon dreams of black lace, frills, suspenders, knickers and multi-coloured stockings, somehow spilled across the shop to lend it a raffish air. (Frances Fyfield, Deep Sleep)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) suspenders (Ned.: bretels)
– The restaurant had a carnival feel to it, with the employees wearing referee-style shirts, suspenders with dozens of buttons pinned on them, shorts and knee socks. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, ch. 9)
– He pulled on the suspender and then let it snap back against his starched white shirt. (Stephen Frey, The Insider, ch. 2)
– Oliver (…) had his thumb beneath one paisley suspender. (Stephen Frey, The Insider, ch. 2)
– He always wore navy-blue suspenders and white starched shirts. (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 21)
– He was wearing a pair of red silk moiré suspenders. (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 3)
| Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: De afwijkende (AmE) betekenis van suspenders levert soms problemen op, zoals in de volgende vertaling van Grishams Sycamore Row (2013): – He always wore navy-blue suspenders and white starched shirts. > Hij droeg altijd marineblauwe sokophouders en een wit gesteven overhemd. (hfdst 21, De Erfgenaam, vertaald door Jolanda te Lindert) > Hier worden duidelijk ‘bretels’ bedoeld. De (BrE) uitdrukking “have sb’s guts for garters” is idiomatisch = “iemand er van langs geven”, “rauw lusten”, ” levend villen”. Dus liever geen letterlijke vertaling zoals in het volgende voorbeeld: – “I’ll have your guts for garters if it doesn’t.” > “Ik maak kousebanden van je ingewanden als het niks wordt.”(Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, vertaald door Auke Leistra, Schaduwen in de Spiegel, 1989) |
4. muslin/calico/cheesecloth
(BrE) muslin = ‘kaasdoek’ (AmE: cheesecloth);
(AmE) muslin = (BrE) calico = (Ned.) ‘calicot’, een soort katoen;
(AmE) calico = goedkope bedrukte katoenstof = patterned print(ing)
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5. duvet* / quilt / comforter
(BrE) duvet = (AmE) comforter
(BrE) quilt ≠ (AmE) quilt
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 (BrE) (patchwork) quilt |
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Een enkele keer komt ‘duvet’ ook in AmE teksten voor, bijvoorbeeld in “The Corrections” (“The More He Thought About It The Angrier He Got”) van Jonathan Franzen. Het duidt dan ‘dekbed’ van een exclusief merk aan: … a Ralph Lauren duvet …
Fowler’s Modern Englsh Usage (2004) geeft het woord ‘duvet‘ als voorbeeld van een ‘Gallicism‘ en ‘mismatch’:
“The now ubiquitous item of bedding which became available in the 1960s in Britain under the name of continental quilt is now generally referred to as a duvet which in French means ‘a sleeping bag’ (…).”
Zie ook Wikipedi, onder “quilt“:
“A quilt is a type of bedding— a bed covering composed of a quilt top, a layer of batting, and a layer of fabric for backing, generally combined using the technique of quilting. Another technique for securing the quilt layers is tying. Tying refers to the technique of using thread, yarn or ribbon to pass through all three layers of the quilt at regular intervals. These “ties” hold the layers together during use and especially when the quilt is washed. This method is easier and more forgiving if the quilt is made by hand. Tied quilts are called, depending on the regional area, “lap”, “comfort” or “comforter”, among other names. Many quilts are made with decorative designs; some quilts are not used as bed covering at all, but are rather made to be hung on a wall or otherwise displayed.”
En m.b.t. “coverlet”:
[A ]coverlet (earlier coverlid) is a fabric covering, usually for a bed.
Specifically, the term “coverlet” may refer to a:
(1) Woven coverlet, a bed covering used in the United States from the colonial period to the mid-19th century
(2) Quilt
Voorbeelden van (AmE) comforter = dekbed:
– The temperature in Julia’s extra bedroom was about ninety. She gave Denise a foot-thick down comforter and asked if she wanted a blanket, too. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, “One Last Christmas”)
– It contained a high four-posterbed with a canopy, an antique wardrobe, a pedestal nightstand, and the bed sported a brand-new quilted pink and lavender floral-print comforter with matching curtains (…). (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Mitigating Circumstances, chapter 7)
– The bed itself was covered with a green linen comforter. (…) She tossed the comforter on the floor. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Buried Evidence, chapter 22)
– She stumbled to the window with the comforter from the bed wrapped around her body, and pulled back the heavy drapes. (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 11)
(BrE) comforter = wollen sjaal, das
Voorbeeld uit Nicholas Nickleby (1839) van Charles Dickens: “Round his neck he wore a flaming red worsted comforter, whereof the straggling ends peeped out beneath his threadbare Newmarket coat” (chaper 29)
6. (BrE) gym slip, gym tunic = (AmE) gym suit = (Ned) tuniek (onderdeel van schooluniform)
(BrE) gym slip |
(BrE) gym tunic |
(AmE) gym suit* |
(AmE) gym suit* |
7. laarzen: boots, rubber boots, rubbers, wellington boots, wellies, galoshes, snowboots, etc.
(BrE) galoshes = (AmE) overshoes* (= waterdichte overschoenen );
(AmE) galoshes = (BrE) wellington boots, wellies, etc.
(AmE) galoshes: algemene aanduiding voor waterdichte rubberen of plastic laarzen, vaak met een warme voering.
N.B. Snowboots zijn niet hetzelfde als (AmE) galoshes: snowboots kunnen ook veters of een gesp-sluiting hebben, en bieden vooral warmte en bescherming tegen kou en neerslag in de vorm van sneeuw en zijn niet per definitie waterdicht.
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 (AmE) galoshes /rubber boots /(BrE) wellington boots / wellies |
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(BrE) galoshes / (AmE) overshoes*, “overshoe galoshes”
snowboots| Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: Omdat de volgende voorbeeldzin uit een Amerikaanse roman afkomstig is waarvan het verhaal zich afspeelt gedurende WO II, is het niet makkelijk vast te stellen of ‘rubber galoshes’ in dit geval een soort overschoenen met haakjes betreft (de vroegere betekenis), of toch gewoon een type rubber laarzen (de tegenwoordige betekenis): – shapeless corduroy trousers tucked into ill-fitting rubber galoshes with half of their maddening toggles undone. > in slecht passende rubberen overschoenen met de gekmakende haakjessluitingen half los …. (Philip Roth, The Plot Against America, chapter 3, vertaald door Ko Kooman) |
8. tanktop / tube top / boob tube
tanktop = (BrE) sweater without sleeves / (AmE) T-shirt without sleeves
De AmE betekenis van tanktop (strak mouwloos T-shirt/hemd) is de meest algemene, internationale betekenis, en is ook in algemeen gebruik in BrE.
De oudere BrE betekenis van “trui zonder mouwen” is synoniem met (BrE) sweater vest of meer algemener: slipover.
(BrE) boob tube = (AmE) tube top = (Ned.)‘topje’
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 (BrE) boob tube /(AmE) tube top* |
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(AmE) tanktop* /
(BrE) boob tube /
9. sweaters, jumpers, cardigans
(AmE) sweater = (1) trui (2) (Ned) vest / (BrE) cardigan
(BrE) sweater/jumper = trui
(Ned.) ‘sweater’ = (BrE/AmE) sweatshirt
 (BrE) jumper /(AmE) (V-neck) sweater |
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(BrE) turtleneck
round neck, (BrE) pinafore / pinny(AmE) (full) apron* |
 (dress) |
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 (BrE) woollen jumper(AmE) woolen/wool sweater |
| (BrE) pinafore, pinafore dress = (AmE) jumper (dress) | |||
Zie OALD voor 3 (!) definities van pinafore:
| 1. (also: pinafore dress) (both especially BrE) NAmE usually: jumper) a loose dress with no sleeves, usually worn over a blouse or sweater. 2. (old-fashioned) (also informal: pinny) (both BrE) a long loose piece of clothing without sleeves, worn by women over the front of their clothes, to keep them clean, for example when cooking > compare “apron” 3. a loose piece of clothing like a dress without sleeves, worn by children over their clothes to keep them clean, or by young girls over a dress. |
Samengevat:
(BrE) pinafore/pinny = (BrE/AmE) apron = keukenschort
(BrE) pinafore dress = (AmE) jumper = een soort overgooier
Soms wordt in colloquial (BrE) pinafore dress (= overgooier) afgekort tot pinafore, waardoor het verschil met (BrE) pinafore = schort verdwijnt. Om dat verschil vervolgens weer duidelijk te maken, wordt danin (BrE) soms ook de term pinafore apron (= schort) gebruikt.
Vergelijk (IntE) shift = hemdjurk, strandjurk:
– Kyle was waiting on the terrace, holding her arms— her brown arms and shoulders bare in the blue cotton shift—looking up at the sky.(Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 13)
– She wore what appeared to to be a brown burlap shift, with three big woorden buttons that were not functional. (John D. MacDonald, A Purple Place for Dying chapter 3)
– She wore a little pink cotton shift (…). (John D. MacDonald, Pale Gray for Guilt, chapter 1)
– She wore an orange shift. (John D. MacDonald, A Deadly Shade of Gold, chapter 10)
Voorbeelden (AmE) pinafore = pinafore dress = overgooier, kinderjurkje:
– (…) my little white pinafore (…). (John D. MacDonald, Bright Orange for the Shroud, chapter 3)
– She was in a place that catered to movie money. In little frocks and jumpers and pinafores, Alice in Wonderland haircut, (…) she could pass for eleven or twelve. (John D. MacDonald, Bright Orange for the Shroud, chapter 11)
Voorbeelden (AmE) pinafore = pinafore apron = schortje (tot aan de middel):
– “Abra slipped off her dress and put on a cotton pinafore, which was understood to be for working around the house. She brushed her hair (…) and went downstairs. (…) In the kitchen she put on a full apron (...)” (John Steinbeck, East f Eaden, Ch. 52)
Voorbeelden (BrE) jumper = trui
– Voor Amerikanen is het een komische gedachte dat er in het Verenigd Koninkrijk mensen rondlopen in een “cozy, woollen jumper” (BBC, Graham Norton Show, 2014).
– She was wearing a brown high-necked jumper. (…) The right hand had scrabbled at the thin wool of the jumper (…) drawing it up to reveal a few inches of white vest.” (P.D. James, Original Sin, chapter 1)
– She was wearing (..) a blue jumper and matching cardigan. (P.D. James, Original Sin, chapter 28)
Voorbeelden (AmE) jumper (dress) = (BrE) pinafore dress = overgooier
– Voor de Britse lezer is het vreemd te lezen dat de AmE “jumper” bijvoorbeeld van katoen kan worden gemaakt en kan worden gedragen als een positiejurk, zoals in de volgende passage in de roman The Burden of Proof van Scott Turow:
“[S]he wore a maternity dress, a blue cotton jumper of plain finish which as yet hung loosely.” (chapter 11)
– Of dat iemand in het Amerikaans taalgebied tegelijkertijd een “corduroy jumper“en een “turtleneck sweater” kan dragen:
“A slender brunette dressed in a red corduroy jumper and turtleneck sweater identified hersef as the head nurse.” (Patricia Cornwell, Cruel and Unusual, 1993, chapter 2)
– April was cradling three rimed cartons against her corduroy jumper. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, chapter ‘The Failure’)
– Momma (…) had on a T-shirt and a denim jumper that came down below her knees. > … een overgooier van spijkerstof … (Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons, chapter 3, vertaald, vertaald door Wim Scherpenisse et al.)
– She had changed to a dark green jumper dress, worn with a white long-sleeved shirt, with a big loose white bow at the throat. (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 8)
– A stocky young girl in a soiled green jumper sat at a table reading a fan magazine. (John D. MacDonald, A Purple Place for Dying chapter 2)
– She was in a place that catered to movie money. In little frocks and jumpers and pinafores, Alice in Wonderland haircut, (…) she could pass for eleven or twelve. (John D. MacDonald, Bright Orange for the Shroud, chapter 11)
– Travis, she’s wearing a pink chambray jumper with big black pockets (…). (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 9)
Voorbeelden (AmE ook) jumper = (informele afkorting van AmE) jumpsuit / jump-suit = (Ned.) overall. Zie ook note 12
– It was surreal to see him here, dressed in a flame orange jumper (Tim Green, The Letter of the Law, chapter 7)
– In a navy-blue police jumper with bright white lettering high on the back, the initials ‘DOJ’. > …. iemand in een marineblauw politiejasje …. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 1 vertaald door Hugo & Nienke Kuiper in ‘De Hoofdgetuige))
– He’s wearing the togs of search and rescue, an orange jump-suit with belts and metal rings for every occasion. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 1)
– He wears an orange jail jumper (…).(Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 17)
– She was handed a blue Navy jumpsuit (…) (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 29)
– It was surreal to see him here, dressed in a flame orange jumper (Tim Green, The Letter of the Law, chapter 9)
– His bright yellow jumpsuit had the words ‘orange county jail’ on the back. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Interest of Justice, chapter 2)
– Inside was the FBI jumpsuit she’d put in the bag (…). (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 33)
– A big awkward fatty body in an unlovely jumper. (John D. MacDonald, The Quick Red Fox, chapter 9)
– I went back to the repair room and watched the mechanic. (…) I watched him climb out of his jumper (…). (Harold Robbins, A Stone for Danny Fisher, Book 4, chapter 7)
| vertaaltips en dilemma’s (AmE) jumper blijkt ook een licht type ‘windjack’ te kunnen aanduiden. De vertaling “iemand in een marineblauw politiejasje” voor “a navy-blue police jumper” is correct (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 1, vertaling in De Hoofdgetuige door Hugo & Nienke Kuiper). Voorbeeld (AmE) jumper = jumper cable = (BrE) jump lead = (Ned) startkabel: – I get out of the car, take my jumper and go home. (Elmore Leonard, Stick)Voorbeeld van een verkeerde vertaling van (AmE) jumper (= windjack): – His flight outfit of high boots and jodhpurs and a lightweight jumper worn over a shirt and tie was a replica of the one in which he’d crossed the Atlantic (…) > Zijn vliegkostuum bestaande uit hoge laarzen met rijbroek Zie ook de betreffende foto van Lindbergh poserend voor zijn vliegtuig Spirit of St. Louis, (wikipedia)Het woordenboek van Van Dale voor de Nederlandse Taal vermeldt het anglicisme ‘jumper’ in de Britse betekenis “damestrui, of soortgelijk kledingstuk”. Het is daarom niet correct om (AmE) jumper (= overgooier) met”jumper” of “trui” te vertalen.Voorbeelden van verkeeerde vertaling van (AmE) jumper = overgooier: – Travis, she’s wearing a pink chambray jumper with big black pockets (…). > “ze draagt een roze truitje met grote zwarte zakken (…)”(John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 9, vertaald door H.J. Oolbekkink, Born Pockts, pagina 80) – In her burgundy school jumper (…), she was an angel. > Met haar donkerrode schooljumper (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 14, vertaald door Jan Fastenau, et al., Vreugdevuur der IJdelheden) – All the while Campbell looked supremely ladylike in her burgundy Taliaferro jumper and blazer and white blouse with a buttercup collar (…). > (…) haar donkerrode jumper en blazer en witte blouse met schulpjeskraag (…) . (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 14, vertaald door Jan Fastenau, et al., Vreugdevuur der IJdelheden) |
Voorbeelden (AmE) cardigan (sweater), sweater vest, coat sweater (lang model):
– Davis slipped his hand into the unbuttoned top of the coat sweater and drew the Colt. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 22)
– (…) her father looked like a TV dad in his cardigan sweater with the full sleeves (…). (Elmore Leonard, The Big Bounce, chapter 17)
– He is a rugged-looking man, well dressed, with a dark sweater-vest under a cashmere sport-coat. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 1)
– Who do you want to convict: behind door number one, my client, grandpa in suspenders and a cardigan, or door number two, king of a major drug cartel? (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 16)
– Her clothes were not at all unusual or fashionable, (…) a magenta cardigan sweater with a somewhat prissy line of pearl buttons down the front. (Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons, chapter 27)
– At Norman’s she mainly wore her cotton cardigan sweaters, and the like. (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 13)
– But how about a cardigan and slacks? No tie. White button-down. Sort of the grandfather image.” – “You want me to address the nation in this hour of crisis in a sweater?” – “Yes. I like it. A brown cardigan with a white shirt.” (John Grisham, The Pelican brief, chapter 9)
– She’d worn a black David Dart pantsuit, with a cardigan-style jacket, pearls, and gold button earrings. (Scott Turow Reversible Errors, chapter 9)
– Janine came walking slowly from the house, hands deep in the pockets of a borrowed gray cardigan. (John D. MacDonald, Pale Gray for Guilt, chapter 11)
– The manager stood there in his brown coat sweater, hands pushed down in the sagging pockets (…). (Elmore Leonard, Unknown Man #89, chapter 11)
10. windjack, skijack, regenjas
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(BrE) anorak
(BrE) windcheater
(BrE) macintosh, mac
(BrE ook:) Pack-a-Mac, pacamac = in klein pakketje opvouwbare regenjas
regenjas = (algemeen) raincoat, (BrE ook) a waterproof
regenpak = waterproofs, (waterproof suit)
(BrE) anorak (ook: wereldvreemd persoon, nerd) ≈ (AmE) granola (ecologisch, geitenwollen-sokken-persoon)
Voorbeeld (BrE) macintosh:
– It was her second-best mackintosh. (Frances Fyfield, Seeking Sanctuary, ch. 7)
Voorbeelden (AmE) slicker(s):
– They were putting on rain slickers. (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 1)
– I got a rain slicker in the trunk (…) Marino fetched his navy blue police raincoat. (Patricia Cornwell, Cruel and Unusual, ch. 2)
– I had piled my slicker on top of all the rest of my outfit to turn the edge of the wind (…). (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 13)
– rain slicker (Stephen Frey, The Insider)
– There were two men in yellow rain slickers standing beside the cab. (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, page 374)
– (…) the men untied their slickers (…).(Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 62)
Voorbeeld van (BrE) anorak en parka als synoniemen in Britse tekst:
– his nonchalant slouch hid the fists of rage curled inside the pockets of his fur-lined parka. (…) Helen turned and saw the boy fastening his cheap anorak. (Frances Fyfield, The Nature of the Beast, ch. 4)
Voorbeelden (AmE) parka:
– Lily hung up and, grabbing her parka draped over a kitchen chair (…). (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Mitigating Circumstances, chapter 17)
Voorbeelden (AmE) windbreaker (met of zonder hoofdletter):
– I slip a dark nylon Windbreaker with a hood over my head. (Steve Martini, The Judge, chapter 19)
– Morton was wearing a down vest, a quilted windbreaker, and heavy pants. (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, page 43)
– Nicholas Drake, thin and frowning, wearing a shirt and a tie and a tweed sport coat beneath his windbreaker, winced as the cold air hit him. (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, pages 43-44)
11. shoes
(BrE) shoelace* / (AmE ook:) shoestring*
Zowel het Brits- als het Amerikaans-Engels kent de uitdrukking:
(travel / go around the world) on a shoestring = voor een habbekrats
schoenen strikken = lace up one’s shoes
Voorbeeld (AmE) … on a shoe string:
– We’re surviving on a shoestring as it is now. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Mitigating Circumstances, chapter 41)
– “How would you finance it?” He asks. “You’re on a shoestring.” (Steve Martini. The Arraignment, chapter 18)
Voorbeeld (AmE) lace (up) (werkwoord) = schoenen strikken:
– He laced up his shoes. (…) She looked at Morgan sitting on the bed lacing his shoes. (Steve Martini, The List, chapter 33)
In Amerikaanse teksten komen (shoe)laces zeer algemeen voor, als synoniem van shoestring:
– shoelaces of LeBron James sneakers’ (David Baldacci, True Blue)
– The only thing amiss is the shoelaces dragging in his wake. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 7)
– He has one foot on the chair next to mine trying to tie his shoelace. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 7)
– For a short, fat man, still dragging a loose shoestring, he possesses a degree of agility that is deceptive. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 7)
– He’s wearing (…) high-top sport shoes (…) laced up only halfway. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 32)
– She had started tying her shoe laces. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Interest of Justice, chapter 5)
– In Colorado, wear a sheepskin coat and lace-up boots. (Elmore Leonard, Gold Coast, chapter 6)
– The tail across the street had stopped and was tying his shoelaces. (Elmore Leonard, Out of Sight, chapter 11)
– They’d be (…) giving Ryan his shoelaces and telling him to take off. (Elmore Leonard, The Big Bounce, chapter 1)
– An elevator door opened and two young black guys came off grinning, playing with shoelaces in their hands (…). (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 8)
– Picking the knots out of the man’s shoelaces woke him up some more. (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 25)
– Jack put his socks on and then his shoes, but didn’t tie the laces or get up. (Elmore Leonard, The Hot Kid, chapter 6)
– On her feet were a pair of clunky black shoes with low heels and laces. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, chapter 6)
– He’d almost fallen over his shoelaces when he’d seen her this year. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Interest of Justice chapter 24)
– He wore (…) a pair of huge white sneakers that closed with Velcro tabs rather than shoelaces. (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 5)
– ‘Okay, and I need your belt and your shoestrings‘ (…) He squatted down to take off his shoelaces. (…) He pulled out the shoestrings and stood up. (…) He handed (…) the shoestrings (…). The voice behind the desk said, ‘Two brown shoestrings.’ (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 22)
– ‘No, the took everything from me. Even my shoestrings. ‘He looked at Sherman’s shoes. He himself still had on shoelaces, Sherman noticed. (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 22)
– He dropped into his chair, swung his sneakers, laces untied (…). (Elmore Leonard, Split Images, chapter 10)
– Colleagues referred to Burton as “the Stumbler”, partly because of his tendency to trip over his untied shoelaces and baggy trouser cuffs (…). (Michael Crichton, The Andromeda Strain, chapter 4)
(BrE) lace-ups = lace-up shoes* = (AmE) oxfords = gewone veterschoenen:
In het Amerikaans-Engels komt lace-up shoes ook voor, wellicht vanwege het feit dat de Amerikaanse term oxford (= oxford shoe) niet alleen een algemene aanduiding voor een veterschoen is, maar is ook de aanduiding voor een specifiek model lage veterschoen; het onderscheidt zich van andere modellen zoals de derby (lijkt erg op oxford) en monk (met gesp).
Voorbeeld van (AmE) lace-up shoes:
– He even insisted that I (…) buy a pair of lace-up shoes like the damn nuns wear. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, ch. 8)
Voorbeelden (AmE) oxford(s) uit oudere literatuur:
– The little man unlaced his oxford and took it off. He slipped his sock off and laid it carefully in the oxford..
– She wouldn’t be impressed by a man who was careful of his shoes even if they were new white and brown oxfords”
(The Wayward Bus, John Steinbeck, 1947)
naaldhakken = (BrE) stilettos / stiletto heels* = (AmE ook:) spike heels
(AmE ook) (shoes with) pencil heels (zie bijv. The Winter of Our Discontent, hfdst 12) )
(BrE) brogues = ± (AmE) wingtips (sjieke, stevige leren schoenen met over de neus een extra stuk leer met gaatjes)
(BrE) court shoes = (AmE) pumps: damesschoenen met hoge hakken.
Voorbeelden (AmE) siletto heels*, spike heels, spike-heeled:
– A gorgeous little receptionist in stiletto heels took his name and asked him to please wait. (John Grisham, The Associate, chapter 7)
– She was wearing a black leather skirt, not too short, with a tight purple sweater and a pair of black and purple spiked-heeled platform sling backs that most hookers would shy away from. (John Grisham, The Associate, chapter 36)
– The tablecloth was white and starched, the aromas wafting from the kitchen pleasing, the crowd an interesting mix of
young, middle-aged, and old, variously dressed in suits, jeans, sneakers, and spike heels. (David Baldacci, True Blue, chapter 32)
– And she strutted like a model in her short skirt and spike heels. (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, page 127)
 (BrE) lace-ups* /(AmE) oxfords |
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 (AmE) wingtips |
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(BrE) brogues
loafers* /
Voorbeelden (AmE) wingtip … / wing tipped … in de betekenis van “schoen of cowboylaars met puntneus”:
– Their manager Raji approaching in one of his dark outfits in the dark: (…) cream colored wingtip cowboy boots he wore to bring him up to average size (…) (Elmore Leonard, Be Cool, chapter 4)
– Raji was in his black silks, his Kangol straight on, his cream-colored, wing-tipped Lucheses. > (…) zijn crèmekleurige Lucheses met puntneuzen aan (…) (Elmore Leonard, Be Cool, chapter 25, vertaald door Theo Horsten, “Cool”
– This according to a man who does everything for Acosta including occasional spit-shines on the judge’s pointy little wing–tip brogues. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 2)
– Raylan Givens was nearly a head taller in his cowboy boots, tan ones, Harry had noticed, yeah, with a wingtip design (Elmore Leonard, Pronto, chapter 4)
– He was wearing black wing tips, too, but no socks. (Elmore Leonard, Split Images, chapter 4)
| Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: (AmE) wingtips in de betekenis van “brogues”, “gaatjesschoenen”, of ‘sjieke schoenen” worden in tweetalige woordenboeken zoals Van Dale (4e editie) niet vermeld. Wellicht is dat de reden waarom de vertalers in de volgende voorbeelden respectievelijk met de algemene vertaling “schoenen”, “herenschoenen”, of “nette schoenen” volstonden, of zelfs de vertaling geheel achterwege lieten.Onbekendheid met het feit dat de (AmE) term wingtips synoniem is van (BrE) brogues, waarvan de Nederlandse vertaling “brogues” of “gaatjesschoenen” in de Van Dale staat, zou ook een reden kunnen zijn. Als gevolg hiervan gaat de betekenis van exclusiviteit, en een net zakelijk voorkomen, waarmee de woorden brogues en wingtips geassocieerd worden, soms verloren. In de voorbeelden hieronder zijn de vertalingen “mannenschoenen” en “nette schoenen” in de context overigens heel acceptabel. – They hurried away with bags of shirts, ties, and one pair of black wing tips. > Ze liepen vlug weg met draagtassen vol hemden, dassen en één paar zwarte schoenen. (John Grisham, The Litigators / Het Proces, vertaald door Hugo Kuipers, hfdst 36) – As the door opened, a young clean-cut Merrill Lynch type in a black suit and sparkling wing tips stepped into the elevator. > Toen de deur openschoof, kwam er een man aanlopen, in een zwart kostuum. (John Grisham, The Firm / Advocaat van de Duivel, vertaald door Mariëlle Snel, hfdst 23) – As soon as she was gone, I stalked into the john and locked myself in the center stall. Resting my briefcase on the toilet paper dispenser, I stood up on the fixture so that no gal would see my wingtips and start yodeling. > Zodra ze verdwenen was, stapte ik het toilet binnen en sloot me op in het middelste hokje. Ik zette mijn koffertje op de wc-papierautomaat en ging gehurkt op de toiletpot zitten, uit angst dat iemand mijn mannenschoenen zou zien en alarm zou slaan. (Scott Turow, Pleading Guilty / De Beschuldiging, vertaald door Jan Smit, hfdst. XXIV-B) – “My battle armor was Brook Brothers off-the-rack, tie and wing tips. > Mijn wapenrusting was een confectiepak, stropdas en nette schoenen.” (David Baldacci, King and Maxwell / King & Maxwell, vertaald door Jolanda te Lindert, hfdst 80)Volledig verkeerde vertalingen: – Max, in his seersucker jacket and wing-tips, didn’t know shit (…) > Max, in zijn gestreepte jasje met pandjes, [had] er geen moer verstand van. (Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch, vertaald als Lokaas door Martin Lammes, chapter 17) – In his shirt and wingtips he nimbly took the catwalk (…) > In zijn overhemd met das en epauletten liep hij lichtvoetigover het gangpad langs de brug. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, “At Sea”) De vertalersfout in het volgende voorbeeld kan het gevolg zijn geweest van een slechte spellingcontrole (‘kleurige’/ ‘keurige’):– Harry is bow ties and pinstripes, silk gauze socks and wing tips (…). > Harry draagt een vlinderstrikje en een streepjesjas, dunne zijden sokken en kleurige schoenen. (Steve Martini, Compelling Evidence / Onweerlegbaar Bewijs, vertaald door Thomas Wintner, hfdst 3) |
gymschoenen / tennisschoenen / gympies: met platte, rubberen zool en canvas bovenkant, laag of hoog model, met of zonder veters:
(BrE) gym shoes / plimsolls / (canvas) pumps (!) = (AmE) deck shoes / Keds / (canvas) sneakers
sportschoenen (tennisschoenen / hardloopschoenen, met voorgevormde zool en (meestal) leren bovenkant):
running-/tennis shoes* = (BrE) trainers = (AmE) sneakers
In het Amerikaans-Engels worden de woorden tennis shoes / sneakers / running shoes / training shoes / gym shoes als synoniemen gebruikt, hoewel de gebruiksfrequentie van de diverse woorden regionaal verschillend is. Zie de toelichting van Josh Katz in het boek Speaking American*. In het westen van de VS spreekt men bij voorkeur over ’tennis shoes’, terwijl in het noord-oosten een dyuidelijke voorkeur is voor ‘sneakers‘. In steden als Chicago en Cincinnati komt ‘gym shoes‘ relatief veel voor, en in delen van California gebruikt men vaak de term ‘running shoes‘.
Voorbeelden (AmE) sneakers / training shoes / tennis shoes / running shoes:
– He looks down at his white training shoes, one-hundred-and-twenty-dollar Nike Airs (…). Some fucking asshole in muddy tennis shoes. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 2)
– The running shoes are old and tattered, and the towel draped around her shoulders has smudges of dirt and mud. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 13)
– White shoes. Like a nurse. No. Sneakers. No. Thicker – running shoes. Thick soles. Dark laces. (Michael Crichton, Disclosure, Arrow Books, page 203)
– She sat down, and put her running shoes up on Sander’s desk. ( Crichton, Disclosure, Arrow Books, page 440)
– ratty gray New Balance running shoes (John D. MacDonald, The Lonely Silver Rain, chapter 3)
– white Nike tennis shoes with the strings untied ... (Elmore Leonard, Split Images, chapter 1)
voetbalschoenen: (BrE) football boots = (AmE) cleats
noppen: (BrE) studs / (AmE) cleats
  (BrE) gym shoes / plimsolls / (canvas) pumps(AmE) deck shoes / Keds |
 (BrE) trainers (AmE) sneakers |
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(BrE) football bootsVoorbeelden (AmE/IntE) pumps* = damesschoenen met hoge hakken (= BrE court shoes):
– The pumps on her feet were scooped low and made of black satin with heels as high as they came (…). (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 19)
– (…) the listeners got a picture of a man in ballroom pumps skidding across a sheet of ice (…) (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 3)
– black lizard pumps with six-inch heels (James Ellroy, L.A. Confidential)
N.B. (BrE) pumps
(1) (vroeger:) lage schoenen zonder hiel (zie bijvoorbeeld de vroege edities van Ten Bruggencate’s woordenboek Eng-Ned, 3e editie 1902, en Noothoven Van Goor’s Algemeen Woordenboek der Engelsche en Nederduitsche Talen, 1876)
(2) dansschoenen, balletschoenen (= ballet flats, ghillies)
(3) gymschoenen (= plimsoll shoes, plimsolls)
(BrE) Voorbeeld (zie ook de video op YouTube, link):
In de BBC sketch van The Two Ronnies (“The hardware Shop”, a.k.a. “The Four Candles”/”Fork Handles”) werd het ambigue woord “pumps” in z’n oude betekenis gebruikt (= “lage schoenen zonder hiel”):
BARKER: Got any pumps?
CORBETT (getting really fed up): ‘And pumps, foot pumps? Come on!
BARKER (surprised he has to ask): Foot pumps!
CORBETT (muttering, as he goes down the shop): Foot pumps. See a foot pump? (He sees one, and picks it up) Tidy up in ‘ere.
(He puts the pump down on the counter)
BARKER: No, pumps fer ya feet! Brown pump, size nine!
CORBETT (almost at breaking point): You are ‘avin’ me on, you are definitely ‘avin’ me on!
BARKER (not taking much notice of Corbett’s mood): I’m not!
CORBETT: You are ‘avin’ me on! (He takes back the pump, and gets a pair of brown foot pumps out of a drawer, and places them on the counter) Next?
12. broeken: pants x trousers; coveralls, overalls, dungarees, jumpsuit, etc.
(AmE) coveralls = (werk)overall = (BrE) overalls = (BrE) boilersuit
(AmE) (bib) overalls = (BrE) dungarees = tuinbroek
(BrE) overall = stofjas, laboratoriumjas (a white overall)
(AmE) jumpsuit = (Ned.) overall (oorspronkelijk alleen m.b.t. vliegeniers, maar nu ook i.g.v. prison jumpsuit, motor jumpsuit, etc.)
Vergelijk: (IntE) smock = kiel, werkjas(je)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) smock = werkjasje, kiel, kapperskleed, schort / medical smock, maternity smock, hairdresser’s smock:
– They turned to find a young man in a blue smock standing at the doorway. > Ze keken om en zagen een jongeman in een blauw jasje in de deuropening. (David Baldacci, The Sixth Man / De Zesde Man, vertaald door Hugo Kuipers, hfdst. 6)
– Once he reached Lidia’s door, he asked for help from one of the staff-members circulating in their bright smocks. > Bij Lidi’s deur schoot hij een van de personeelsleden in de helder gekleurde schorten aan. (Scott Turow, Identical / Identiek, vertaald door Mieke Trouw-Luyckx, hfdst. 25)
– Julie settled in the chair and Maria swept a black smock over her and tightened it down around the neck. > Julie ging in de stoel zitten en Maria sloed een zwart laken om haar heen dat ze in haar nek vastmaakte. (David Baldacci, The Innocent / Onschuldig, vertaald door Hugo Kuipers & Jolanda te Lindert, hfdst. 44)
– He hands me a white linen smock, the kind waiters in posh restaurants wear. (Steve Martini, The Arraignment, chapter 30)
– … a physician in a white smock blew through the door behind them. (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 3)
– He wore a white smock, and his fingers moved with the deftness of a surgeon. (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 4)
– The stylist (..) as a thin, gristly woman in a white smock (..). (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 17)
– (…) doctors in their white smocks (…). (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 4)
– She wore navy blue bermudas and a roomy pink smock plumped with an obvious pregnancy. (John D. MacDonald, A Purple Place for Dying chapter 7)
– It does not look at all like a medical smock. (John D. MacDonald, The Turquois Lament, chapter 6)
– … a doctor in a stained smock … (John D. MacDonald, Condominium, chapter 40)
– her dark blue maternity smock ….> positiejurk (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 7)
Vergelijk “maternity dress” /”maternity smock” = positiejurk:
“[S]he wore a maternity dress, a blue cotton jumper of plain finish which as yet hung loosely.” (Scott Turow, The Burden of Proof, chapter 11)
Voorbeeld van (BrE) smock = werkjasje:
– She was wearing blue jeans heavily spattered with clay and a paler painter’s smock. (P.D. James, A Certain Justice, ch.27)
(AmE) dungarees = (AmE) dungaree pants = zware katoenen/canvas werkbroek, (vaak:) spijkerbroek, denim broek
(AmE) dungaree jacket = spijkerjasje, denim jacket, jeans jacket
M.b.t (BrE) overall / (BrE) overalls vermeldt Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004):
“an overall (…) is a coat-like garment worn over one’s clothes as a protection against stains, etc.“= een stofjas, werkjas
“overalls are protective trousers, dungarees, or a combination suit worn by workmen, etc.” Dus in BrE kan (a pair) of overalls een werkbroek, tuinbroek, of een overal zijn.
Voorbeelden (BrE) boiler suit / (BrE) overall(s) = (Ned) overall
– Today she was wearing a scruffy boiler suit. (Frances Fyfield, Blood from Stone, ch. 18)
– She peeled off the oversized, splattered overall (…). (Frances Fyfield, The Art of Drowning, ch. 7)
Voorbeeld (BrE) dungarees = (Ned) tuinbroek:
– She could just as easily have smelled of diesel fuel and emerged in dungarees with a spanner in one hand. (Frances Fyfield, The Art of Drowning, ch. 1)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) dungarees = (Ned) werkbroek, spijkerbroek:
– Rita said she’d get his pants and ran upstairs to the bedroom. She brought his Levi’s he called his dungarees (…) (Elmore Leonard, Raylan, chapter 22)
– dressed in new blue dungarees and in dungaree coats (uit The Grapes of Wrath van John Steinbeck)
– Robie wore a leather jacket, dungarees, and combat boots. (The Innocents van David Baldacci, chapter 97)
– About a dozen men got out (…). Most of them wore blue work shirts and dungarees. (…) Now one of them, a powerfully built young man in a blue work shirt and blue jeans, came walking across the street (…). > De meeste van hen droegen blauwe werkhemden en denim broeken. (…) in een blauw werkhemd en een spijkerbroek … (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 13, vertaald door Jan Fastenau et al.)
– Girls wandered around in dungarees and long, ironed hair. (…) A dark-haired girl was walking out the door. She wore tight dungarees and a tight poor-boy sweater. (Michael Crichton, A Case of Need, Tuesday, Oct. 11, chapter 1)
– A man in dungarees and a T-shirt came out (…). (Michael Crichton, The Andromeda Strain, chapter 10)
– I’d got out from under the truck and made a phone call, still wearing the dungarees I put on in the auto shop (…). (John D. MacDonald, April Evil, chapter 3)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) (bib) overalls = (Ned) tuinbroek:
– Pa pulled his overall straps in place and snapped the buckle (uit The Wayward Bus, hfdst 2, John Steinbeck)
– He wore Headlight overalls with a big brass button on bib and side latches …. A pencil and a ruler and a tire pressure gauge protruded from a slot in his overalls bib. ( The Innocents van David Baldacci)
– She wore bib overalls over a beige turtleneck. (John D. MacDonald, Free Fall in Crimson, chapter 13)
(AmE) overalls en (AmE) coveralls, coverall suit, en (AmE) jumpsuit/jumper kunnen soms naast elkaar gebruikt worden in de betekenis van (Ned) overall:
– county-jail overalls (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 18)
– county-jail coveralls (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 19)
– They were given fresh overalls, this time with ‘FBI’ printed on the back. (…) I’m going to take a shower. Change my jailhouse jumpsuit. (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 29)
– He racked the slide and stuck the gun inside his coveralls (…). (Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch, chapter 16)
– a coverall suit to wear, a light green garment sippered from throat to crotch. (John D. MacDonald, A Purple Place for Dying chapter 2)
trousers/pants
( BrE) pants = (AmE) underpants*
(BrE) trousers* = (AmE) pants
N.B. Amerikanen gebruiken het woord ’trousers’ met een specifieke betekenis, namelijk als synoniem van ‘slacks’: een ‘nette broek’ met pasvorm, taille, ceintuur, die met een jasje gedragen kan worden. In Amerikaanse kledingadvertenties voor dames- en herenbroeken (pants) komen termen voor als “trouser-type pants“, “a trouser-cut pair of pants“, “trouser-style jeans”, “Levi’s pants with slim straight fit in cargo and trouser styles”, etc. Zie ook wikipedia (link).
Voorbeeld van (AmE) pants in de betekenis van “broek”
De Amerikaanse betekenis van pants (“broek”) wordt tegenwoordig door de meeste Britten herkend (= passief bekend), maar toen de U.K.-editie van de Amerikaanse roman The Winter of our Discontent van John Steinbeck in 1961 uitkwam, was de volgende zin voor de meeste Britten, die het woord zelf alleen in de betekenis van “onderbroek” gebruiken, onbegrijpelijk: “Two top buttons of his pants were open, showing his heavy grey [AmE: gray] underwear“ (p. 32).
– His pants went down around his ankles, underpants and all, fully exposing his bottom half. (Steve Martini, The List, chapter 7)
– Donnell brought a ballpoint pen out of his pants pockets (…). (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 20)
– He shrugged, hands in his pants pockets. (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 13)
– Richard stuffed his shirt inside his pants. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Buried Evidence, chapter 11)
– She unbuttoned his pants, unzipped him, then pushed his slacks to the floor. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Buried Evidence, chapter 22)
– He is half-undressed, a T-shirt above suit pants, suspenders dangling behind him. (Steve Martini, The Judge, chapter 14)
– In a dark power suit, blue pinstripes, pants and jacket, she’s had a night to sleep on it. (Steve Martini, The Arraignment, chapter 8)
– Bryan took off his sport coat. Gray tweed with cord pants that nearly matched. (Elmore Leonard, Split Images, chapter 6)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) trousers = nette, getailleerde broek = (AmE) slacks, afgewisseld met het algemenere (AmE) pants:
– Otto raised his eyes to this one in a black suit with trousers, a young woman (…) (Elmore Leonard, Up in Honey’s Room, chapter 9)
– Pale beige slacks, dark blue sportshirt and a skimpy dracon sportcoat. (Elmore Leonard, Gold Coast, chapter 6)
– Rosen picked up his trousers from the chair and felt the pockets. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 2)
– Goddamn pants were too tight. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 4)
– She stared at the (…) shirtless man in the light-colored trousers. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 4)
– They were watching him get out of the car (…), adjusting the crotch of his light blue trousers (…) (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 25)
– Mati got up, wiping his hands on his pants. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunted, chapter 26)
– The one in the dark shirt and trousers reached out to help her board. (Elmore Leonard, Out of Sight, chapter 14)
– A beefy guy, his sportcoat open, trousers riding below his belly, was coming along the sidewalk (…). (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 9)
– (…) full-time security officers in uniform, blue blazers and gray trousers. (Elmore Leonard, Riding the Rap, chapter 26)
– He stood on the marble steps (…): as neat as the decor in pressed gray trousers, black suspenders over a white dress shirt open at the neck. (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 9)
– The guy in the herringbone sport coat chuckled (…). He was wearing the same shapeless herringbone jacket (…). (Elmore Leonard, Bandits, chapters 13 and 15)
– …. an ancient madder necktie, black flannel trousers (…). (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 31)
– European sub-diplomats and embassy secretaries in striped trousers and cutaways (…) . (Edna Ferber, Giant, chapter 5)
– Then he slipped the card in his trouser pocket, and headed down the hallway. (…) In an instant of harsh clarity he saw himself, a panting middle-aged, married man with his trousers down around his knees, bent over a woman on an office couch that was too small. (Michael Crichton, Disclosure, Arrow Books, pages 78, 107)
– The pilots in their white shirts and black trousers were checking the wheels. (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, page 559)
– He wore (…) gray pants that were baggy at the knees. The shirt and trousers looked as though they had been made for a larger man. (John D. MacDonald, April Evil, chapter 1)
– the stretch denim slacks (John D. MacDonald, Free Fall in Crimson, chapter 12)
Voorbeeld van (BrE) pants in de betekenis van “onderbroek” / Y fronts:
“She was (…) aware of his shock of horror at the irruption into the room and of the pair of pants, soiled at the crotch, which (…) he shoved with trembling hands under the lid of the suitcase.” (P.D. James, A Certain Justice, chapter 3)
Voorbeelden (AmE) underpants, briefs, undershorts, jockeys, skivvies, bikinis, (men’s) bikini briefs (= tangaslip, bikinibroekje):
– … white jockey underpants … (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, “Our Last Christmas”)
– Louis Gara [was] having his morning coffee in his skivvies. (Elmore Leonard, The Switch, chapter 9)
– his Jockey shorts (Elmore Leonard, Touch
– Toby, or it was Abbott, I don’t know, comes out once in his bikini Jockeys scratching his balls, picks up about half the cheese on a fork and goes back in the room. (Elmore Leonard, Touch, chapter 4)
– She held her hands up in front of her and looked at them, trying to remember if shitbird, lying on the bed in his bikinis, had told her. (Elmore Leonard, City Primieval, chapter 5)
| Vertaaltips, valkuilen & dilemma’s: Omdat veel Britten zich bewust zijn van de mogelijke ambiguïteit van (BrE) “pants” in de betekenis van “onderbroek”, komt het woord “underpants” nu ook steeds vaker in BrE voor: – Get to Tescoes at lunchtime, beans, spuds, underpants for John (…). ( Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, chapter 2)Vertalers vanuit het Nederlands die een neutrale (IntE) vertaling zoeken om ambiguïteit te voorkomen, kunnen het best voor “underpants” kiezen als vertaling voor “onderbroek”. Vergelijk het gebruik van “undervest” of “singlet” in plaats van “vest” in de betekenis van “hemd”. |
Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004) geeft aan dat het verschil tussen (BrE) pants (= underpants, knickers) en (AmE) pants (= trousers, slacks) niet altijd geldt.
Voorbeelden hiervan zijn de volgende idiomatische uitdrukkingen in zowel BrE als AmE:
– to bore the pants off somebody
– to be caught with one’s pants down
– to fly by the seat of one’s pants
De uitdrukking fly by the seat of one’s pants is een veramerikaniseerde versie van de oudere, en in onbruik geraakte Britse uitdrukking fly by the seat of one’s trousers. De versie met ‘pants‘ is nu Internationaal Engels (dus ook BrE).
Voorbeeld:
– His journey now wasn’t carefully constructed. He was flying by the seat of his pants. (David Baldacci, King and Maxwell, ch. 21)
Voorbeeld (AmE) to wear the pants = (BrE) to wear the trousers = de baas zijn:
– He’s sort of pussy-whipped. It’s obvious Inrene wears the pants. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Interest of Justice, chapter 26)
Chino pants gained popularity in the U.S. in the 1900s after military men returning from the Philippines after the Spanish-American War brought back their cotton military trousers. These pants were originally made in China. “Chino” is the Spanish term for Chinese, and most of the people who wear chino cloth, especially in the Philippines, are peasants (Camisa de chino); hence the fabric and these pants picked up the name. The first chinos sold in the U.S. were U.S. Army military-issue pants, and in order to save fabric during WWII-era constraints, they had no pleats and were tapered at the bottom of the leg.
The original military pants were khaki in colour. Chino pants are a style of pants similar to khakis, but dressier in style.
Chino cloth is a kind of twill fabric, usually made primarily from cotton. Originally used in British and French military uniforms in the mid-1800s, today it is also used to make civilian clothing.
(from: wikipedia)
N.B. Er zijn ook chino skirts (katoenen rokken) , etc. Net als bij de chino broeken is niet de khakikleur bepalend voor een chino, maar het materiaal zelf (chino cloth). Chinos zijn er in allelei kleuren. Een bekend merk chinos is Dockers.
(AmE) slim-fit pants / (BrE) skinny jeans (from wikipedia):
“Slim-fit pants or skinny jeans have a snug fit through the legs and end in a small leg opening that can be anywhere from 9″ to 20″ depending on size. Other names for this style include drainpipes, stovepipes, cigarette pants, pencil pants, skinny pants or skinnies. Skinny jeans taper completely at the bottom of the leg, whereas drainpipe jeans are skinny but then the lower leg is straight instead of tapering and so they are often slightly baggier at the bottom of the leg than skinny jeans. In some styles, zippers are needed at the bottom of the leg to facilitate pulling them over the feet. Stretch denim, with anywhere from 2% to 4% spandex, may be used to allow jeans to have a super-slim fit.”
(BrE) combat trousers = (AmE) cargo pants = fatigues = army pants = (Ned) camouflagebroek, legerbroek (soms met afritsbare pijpen)
(BrE/AmE) chinos = nette broek van zware katoen, meestal khakikleurig (zonder plooi).
(AmE) slacks = vlotte, nette vrijetijdsbroek, zonder bijbehorend jasje, dus geen kostuumbroek, evt. met plooi.
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Voorbeeld (AmE) bell-bottoms:
– He was the first with Birkenstocks, the first with bell-bottoms (…). (Michael Crichton, Disclosure, Arrow Books, page 25)
(AmE) dungarees = werkbroek(en) (Saratoga Race Course, 2018)
13. drapery department = (BrE) textiel (stoffen), manufacturen; (AmE) gordijnen , gordijnstoffen
(AmE) draperies = (AmE) drapes = gordijnen
Voorbeelden (AmE) draperies = gordijnen:
– No light showed in the window; the draperies were closed. (Elmore Leionard, Gold Coast, chapter 25)
– With the floral print draperies drawn open, she could look straight out to the swimming pool and the cabanas. (Elmore Leionard, The Big Bounce, chapter 6)
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(BrE) Y-fronts
(BrE) camiknickers
(BrE) body(BrE/AmE) briefs = mannen-/vrouwenslip zonder pijpjes
(AmE) shorts = (BrE/AmE) boxer shorts / boxers: ruime onderbroek, met korte pijpjes
(BrE) French knickers: damesslipje, ruime pasmaat, wijde pijpjes (vgl. camiknickers: combinatie van camisole en French knicker)
Zie ook: Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004):
(BrE) knickers = a woman’s or girl’s undergarment
(AmE) knickers = (1) knickerbockers, (2) a boy’s short trousers
Voorbeelden (AmE) jockey briefs / jockeys / briefs / skivvies (= underwear) / undershorts / drawers:
– Zie Elmore Leonard, Glitz, chapters 17, 25, 28
– The marshals hauled him off in his drawers. (Elmore Leonard, The Hot Kid, chapter 3)
– She used to watch these guys’ skivvies (…) (Elmore Leonard, Be Cool, chapter 20)
– She stared at his bare legs, shirttails hanging to cover the Jockey briefs. (Elmore Leonard, Cat Chaser, chapter 20)
– He sat in his shirt and Jockeys on the edge of the sofa. (Elmore Leonard, Cat Chaser, chapter 20)
Voorbeelden (AmE) female underwear/ panties / ….:
– “I’m wearing underpants (…) white panties (…)” (Elmore Leonard, Be Cool, chapter 10)
– [H]e saw she had on a tiny pair of panties under her robe (…) Edie, in tiny underpants, was pulling a T-shirt over her head. (Elmore Leonard, Be Cool, chapter 7)
15. haarspeld / haarklem
haarspeld = (BrE) kirby grip / (AmE) bobby pin / (BrE ook:) (hair)grip / (algemeen:) hairpin*
platte haarspeld = (BrE) hairslide / (AmE) barrette
haarklem = (BrE) hairgrip
In het dagelijks spraakgebruik worden hairpin / hairclip voor allerlei soorten haarklemmen en -spelden gebruikt.
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(BrE) hairslide
(BrE) kirby gripVoorbeeld (AmE) bobby pin:
– He (…) probed with a bobby pin down through her jar of skin cleanser. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, ‘The Failure’)
| BrE | AmE | |
| 1. badjas | bathrobe* | bathrobe*, robe |
| 2. kamerjas, peignoir, ochtendjas, duster | duster*, (ook:) dressing gown* | dressing gown*, duster*, (ook:) (bath)robe, housecoat |
| 3. toga (van rechter of afgestudeerde) | gown* |
(judge’s) robe / academic robe* |
| 4. nachthemd, nachtjapon | nightdress | nightgown (vgl. hospital gown) |
| 5. avondjapon, baljurk | evening dress | evening gown, ball gown |
| 6. cocktailjurk | cocktail dress* | cocktail gown |
| 7. doopkleed |
christening robe / christening gown “After 163 years of use the famous Royal Christening Robe had been worn by sixty-two members of the Royal Family since its first outing in 1841 at the christening of Queen Victoria’s eldest daughter, Princess Victoria.” (Angela Kelly, The Other Side of the Queen”. |
De BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English (3e editie, 2009) geeft de volgende Usage Note:
(1) “Both dressing gown and bathrobe are CE [= Common English]. But BE uses dressing gown for any such garment not made of toweling, whereas AE can use bathrobe for all but the most luxurious dressing gowns.”
(2) “BE prefers evening dress and night dress to evening gown and nightgown.”
(BrE) dressing gown heeft in het Amerikaanse-Engels een exclusieve bijklank, en wordt daarom.veel gebruikt in advertenties en verkopersjargon.
Voorbeelden van AmE tekst met (bath)robe / housecoat / dressing gown (= kamerjas, ochtendjas) :
– He wore an ancient and comfortable dressing gown. (…) his hands [were] in the pockts of the robe. (John D. MacDonald, April Evil, chapter 4)
Voorbeelden uit John Steinbeck’s East of Eden van het gebruik van robe / gown in AmE:
(4) “She undressed quickly and put on her nightgown and a robe and slippers.”
(2) “she (…) put on a dressing gown”
(1) “a skinny little woman in a bathrobe”
– “in academic robes”
Voorbeelden uit John Grisham’s The Litigators (2011):
(3) “The judge (…) continued to slowly zip up his robe.“(chapter 40)
(2) “Wally, lying in a comfortable bed, wearing a gown and pajamas.” (chapter 44)
Voorbeelden uit David Baldacci’s The Innocents (2012
(1) “She wore a damn robe on the bus. I used to think it was funny.” (chapter 51)
In Limitations van Scott Turow (2004) worden voor “rechterstoga” zowel (AmE) gown als (AmE) robe gebruikt:
“Sharing his tiny robing room with him, where the judges don their long black gowns before arguments, is a much-lamented ordeal.” (chapter 4)
“Here [at the garage] at the end of the day, he often reflects on cases and personal issues, when he is finally free from the robe.” (chapter 5)
Ook in BrE wordt zowel gown als robe gebruikt voor een rechters- of advocatentoga. De beroemdste toga-maker en -verkoper aan Chancery Lane in Londen, Ede & Ravenscroft, noemt zichzelf “robe makers” en verkoopt o.a. “gowns” en “wigs”.
Voorbeelden uit A Certain Justice van P.D. James (Brits-Engels):
– “the lady barristers’ robing room” (chapter 5)
– “There was no red robe bag. Perhaps she was in the middle of a case and has left her wig and gown in the locker room of the Crown
Court.”(chapter 13)
– “judges and barristers in wig and gown“(chapter 13)
– “Perhaps we should be wearing robes and wigs.”(chapter 16)
– “the gowned and bewigged prosecuting counsel”(chapter 36)
Voorbeelden (AmE) nightgown:
He (…) got her to the window in her nightgown buttoned to the neck. (Elmore Leonard, The Hot Kid, chapter 22)
– She got out of bed and in her short nightgown she padded over to the sliding doors onto the terrace (…). (John D. MacDonald, Condominium, chapter 37)
Voorbeelden (AmE) bathrobe / robe = badjas, ochtendjas, etc:
– Robert opened the door in a hotel terry-cloth robe (…). (Elmore Leonard, Tishomingo Blues, chapter 6)
– Vernice came in in her black pongee bathrobe (..). Vernice, at the table in her terry-cloth robe cinched around her (…). (Elmore Leonard, Tishomingo Blues, chapter 8)
– Avern came out in a pongee bathrobe. (Elmore Leonard, Mr. Paradise, chapter 29)
– Cool currents washed over her, blowing open the folds of her robe (…). (Steve Martini, The List, chapter 33)
– Molly Denniver came wandering out of the bedroom in her old pink robe. (John D. MacDonald, Condominium, chapter 38)
Voorbeeld verschillende betekenisssen (AmE) robe / (AmE) nightgown in één zin:
– I undid her robe, she’s got a flanel nightgown on underneath. (Elmore Leonard, Bandits, chapter 11)
Voorbeeld van (AmE) housecoat = ochtendjas, peignoir:
– She stood holding her housecoat closed. (Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch, chapter 18)
– She wore a wool housecoat (…) that came to the floor and looked too big for her (…). (Elmore Leonard, The Hot Kid, chapter 11)
– an old woman in a housecoat came by carrying her trash down the hall. (Elmore Leonard, Maximum Bob, chapter 24)
– … a woman in hair curlers and a ratty pink housecoat … (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 8)
– She wore a floor-length orange housecoat (…). (John D. MacDonald, Bright Orange for the Shroud, chapter 13)
– Go take the pretty housecoat from the closet and put it on. (John D. MacDonald, Bright Orange for the Shroud, chapter 13)
16b. (BrE/AmE) duster = (1) peignoir, (2) stofjas
(AmE ook:) duster = (AmE) range coat = (AusE) drover coat, (BrE meestal:) trench coat* = (Ned) lange wax ruiterjas, lange overjas, trenchcoat (zie bijv. het vrijetijdskledingassortiment van Het Vakkledinghuis in Groningen: link)
De duster werd van oudsher gedragen door cowboys, de western-versie van de ’trench coat’, die oorspronkelijk met name door militaire officieren werd gedragen, later ook de jas die door automobilisten in de open oldtimers werd gedragen, en door motorrijders, vervaardigd uit waterdichte stof (canvas, oilskin, wax), leer, of katoen. De “duster”, in de betekenis van “lange ruiterjas”, kan zowel van lichte als van zware stof zijn vervaardigd. Zie ook wikipedia (link)
Tegenwoordig wordt de term “duster” in de kledinghandel ook wel gebruikt als generieke aanduiding voor een stijlvolle lange overjas, meestal tot over de kuiten en tot aan de enkels, zowel voor mannen als vrouwen, vervaardigd uit bijvoorbeeld tweed, wol, visgraatmotief, bont, of leer. Een extra lang type overjas. Het is in deze betekenis niet synoniem met “dustcoat” dat als aanduiding gebruikt wordt voor de ‘stofjas’ als werkkleding.
Voorbeeld (AmE) duster = trenchcoat:
“She covered up the gun with a long leather duster that reached nearly to her ankles. She put on a cowboy hat pulled low, sunglasses, and gloves.” (David Baldacci, The Hit, 2013, chapter 38)
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| Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: Woordenboeken zoals de OALD, OED, Webster, en Van Dale, geven een verwarrend, incompleet, tegenstrijdig en/of achterhaald overzicht van het tegenwoordig gebruik van de term “duster” als kledingstuk. De OALD (9e editie, 2015) volstaat, naast de overige niet-kledinggerelateerde betekenisssen, met de vermelding van (1) “(old fashioned, NAmE) a piece of clothing you wear over your other clothes when you are cleaning the house, etc.”, en (2) “(NAmE) a long coat that was worn by cowboys” (OALD link). De Oxford English Dictionaries volstaan met: (1) “(also duster coat) a woman’s loose, lightweight full-length coat without buttons, of a style originally worn in the 1920s when travelling in an open car”, en (2) “(North American) a short, light housecoat”. Zie link. Het (AmE) Merriam-Webster woordenboek geeft (1) “a long lightweight overgarment to protect clothing from dust”, (2) : “a long coat cut like a duster —called also duster coat”, en (3) “a dress-length housecoat” (link) Van Dale (4e editie) volstaat met (1) duster, ochtendjas, kamerjas, peignoir” en (2) “stofjas”. |
17. hats / caps / etc.
gleufhoed = (BrE) trilby / (AmE) fedora
bolhoed = (BrE) bowler hat / (AmE) derby
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bolhoed = (BrE) bowler hat / (AmE) derby (hat) Alhoewel de Amerikaanse fedora (ook wel “Indiana Jones hat” genoemd) een bredere rand heeft dan de Britse trilby, kiezen veel Britse hoedenmakers en -verkopers ervoor om de termen als synoniemen te beschouwen. Maar er zijn ook Britten en Amerikanen die het verschil wel blijven maken: de gleufhoed die Sean Connery in de 3de Indiana Jones film draagt is een trilby (ook in de VS) en de hoed die Harrison Ford draagt is een fedora (ook in Groot Britannië). Op de website www.equip.co.uk wordt de volgende uitleg gegeven: Zie ook op www.hatsandcaps.co.uk: werkmanspet = (BrE) cloth cap / (BrE) flat cap / (AmE) ivy cap |
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schippersmuts / zeilmuts / beanie (link): “In Canada they are called a toque or tuque. The term beanie is used mainly in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. Some English-speakers, especially military, refer to beanies as watch caps. In the United States, this kind of headgear is variously known as a beanie, stocking cap, toboggan, skull cap, skully, or ski cap depending on the region. It is worn low on the head, covering the forehead, and can be pulled down over the ears as well, though normal usage keeps a turned-up cuff. There are two main varieties of beanies, those that hug the top of the head,[schippersmutsje, zeilmuts] and those that leave the top couple of inches of the hat unstretched on top of the head [bijv. ‘rolmuts, ‘ijsmuts’].” |
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N.B. een toque/tuque is ook:
(1) een ‘koksmuts’ (uitspraak: /tœuk/, rijmend op ‘oak‘; de uitspraak van tuque/toque in de betekenis van schippersmuts/beanie is /tu:k/, rijmend op ‘book’).
(2) een ‘ronde baretvormige dameshoed zonder rand’ = (Ned. ) toque
(3) in de paardensport ook een ‘helm’, met dezelfde vorm als in betekenis (3)
(4) koksmuts
Voorbeeld (BrE/IntE) toque (damesmuts):
– She shed her toque and her mac and sat down comfortably. > Die gooide haar hoed en haar regenjas uit en ging op haar gemak zitten. (Frances Fyfield, Perfectly Pure and Good / Volmaakte Onschuld, vertaald door Els van der Pluym, hfdst 7)
– Behind was a vision in fake fur with the bright blonde wisps of dyed hair half tucked into an orange toque. > Erachter stond een schim in imitatiebont met plukjes geblondeerd haar half weggestopt in een oranje toque. (Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, Schaduwen op de Spiegel, vertaald doorAuke Leistra, hfdst 2)
Voor (AmE) beanie, zie ook James Ellroy’s L.A. Confidential: Jew beanie (keppeltje), ventilator beanie (mutsje met molentje), mouse-ear beanie (Mickey-Mousemutsje)
(AmE): “I (…) pulled a knitted sailor’s cap down over my ears” (John Steinbeck, The Winter of our Discontent , 1961)
ijsmuts / rolmuts
“They are also called woolen or wooly hats, or bobble hats if they are topped with a pompom, which is common”.
bivakmuts
A variation of this type of hat, which is pulled down and worn over the face, with appropriate holes for the eyes and mouth is called a
balaclava (or a ski mask in the U.S.). “
N.B.
(Ned.) toque [“tok’] is een ‘genitaal beschermstuk’ zoals gedragen bij cricket, ijshockey en honkbal = (BrE) box / (AmE) cup. Het wordt ook wel “jockstrap” genaamd, waarvan ook het (AmE) jock in de betekenis van een “stoere atleet/sportman” is afgeleid.
feestmuts = (BrE) fancy dress hat / (AmE) novelty hat
cowboyhoed = cowboy hat / (AmE ook:) Stetson*
18. wool/woolen/woollen (bijvoeglijk naamw.)
(BrE) woollen
(AmE) woolen
(AmE ook:) “a wool sport coat“, etc.
19. (AmE/BrE) duffel bag, duffle bag, (BrE) holdall
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20. badge / patch / pin / button
 (BrE) badge = (AmE) button, pin = (Ned) button, speld |
 (BrE) badge = (AmE) patch = (Ned) insigne, badge |
 (BrE) brooch* = (AmE ook: ) pin = (Ned) broche |
Voorbeeld:
“a sheriff’s button” = sherrif-insigne
Zie ook ‘insignia’ in Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004):
“(a) Insignia as plural [of insigne] = badges or distinguishing marks of office (…).
(b) Used erroneously (according to the OED) as singular with insignias as its plural (…).
(c) insigne (singular) ‘badge, ensign, emblem’.
(…)
Type (a) is the only one of the three in standard use in BrE. Type (b) is marked as ‘fully standard’ in American dictionaries. Insigne is rare and its use is likely to cause bewilderment.”
Voorbeeld (AmE) pin = (Ned) broche:
– They’ve stolen (…) a lovely pin my grandmother gave me when I was a little girl (…). (Elmore Leonard, Riding the Rap, chapter 13)
– She took her wallet, a watch, a pearl necklace, and several pins from the table drawer (..). (Elmore Leonard, The Big Bounce, chapter 15)
21. jasje, colbert(je), blazer, tuxedo, smoking, etc.
blazer, sport(s) jacket/coat, suit jacket
Deze drie types worden vaak ten onrechte door elkaar gebruikt. In het AmE is “blazer” en “sport coat” vaak synoniem, maar alhoewel alle (AmE) ‘sport coats’ (= Ned. ‘colbertjes’) als (AmE) ‘blazers’ kunnen worden aangeduid, is het omgekeerde niet het geval. De traditionele double-breasted, marineblauwe ‘blazer’ met 6 goud- of zilverkleurige knopen wordt bij voorkeur niet als ‘sport coat’ aangeduid, maar als ’traditional blazer”.
colbertje = (BrE) sports jacket, (ook:) jacket / (AmE) sport coat (ook: blazer)
(AmE) sport coat / (soms: sport jacket) = (BrE) sports jacket / jacket = (Ned.) colbertje (zie wikipedia link)
De term ‘sport(s) jacket‘ of ‘sport(s) coat’ heeft niets met een trainings- of sportjasje te maken. Het woord “sport” verwijst slechts naar de historische achtergrond van het jasje, waarbij het door heren als ‘morning jacket” tijdens de jacht werd gedragen.
Er zijn verschillende spellingen: (BrE) “sports jacket/coat” en (AmE) “sport jacket/coat, sportcoat“
Voorbeelden (AmE) sport coat / sport(s) jacket / blazer = (Ned) colbert:
– His bailiff, Robbie, a sheriff’s deputy in a uniform sport coat, told everyone to rise. (Elmore Leonard, Maximum Bob, chapter 1)
– You (…) wore a suit or a good-looking sports jacket. (Elmore Leonard, Pronto, chapter 1)
– Harry (…) slipped the pistol inside his waist again, inside his sport coat. (Elmore Leonard, Pronto, chapter 2)
– Harry [was] wearing a wool scarf with his sport coat, the bookmaker turned landed gentry. (Elmore Leonard, Pronto, chapter 13)
– Gloria had walked up to Tommy the Zip sitting at the table in his white silk sports jacket. (Elmore Leonard, Pronto, chapter 25)
– He saw Avilanosa as a primitive man in a plaid sportcoat (…). (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 10)
– Avilanosa, his belly sticking out of his summer-plaid sportcoat. (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 17)
– Heading to his closet, he took out his best sports jacket (…). He was wearing a nicely tailored rust-colored sports jacket. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Interest of Justice chapter 22)
– He (…) took a tweed jacket with a plaid design from the closet and slipped it on. But the tweed jacket didn’t go with the hard-finished pants. . Besides … a sport jacket …. a sport …. a young rip who takes wild rides in a sports roadster …. He took off the tweed jacket jacket and threw it on the daybed (…). > Hij pakte een geruit tweed colbert uit de kast (…) Maar het wollige tweed paste niet bij de gladde stof van de broek. Trouwens … een vrijetijdscolbert … een vrije jongen … een jonge wildebras die woeste ritten maakte met een sportauto … Hij deed het tweed colbert uit en gooide het op de bedbank (…). (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 14, vertaald door Jan Fastenau et al.)
– He was wearing a sport jacket and the sort of brown pants a wife might choose to go with it. > … een vrijetijdscolbert …. (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 15)
Voorbeelden (AmE) blazer:
– (…) the white cotton blazer .. (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 2)
– Cornell was wearing a pearl gray tie now with his gray trousers, slipping on a lightweight black blazer. (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 9)
– “Wear a coat and tie tomorrow. Do you have some kind of a blue coat?”- “A blazer.” (Michael Crichton, Disclosure, Arrow Books, page 237)
| Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: (AmE) sportcoat / sport coat / sport jacket = (BrE) jacket (BrE, niet of weinig voorkomend) sports coat = (Ned) colbert De vertaling van dit woord blijkt vaak een probleem. De term ‘sport(s) jacket‘ of ‘sport(s) coat’ heeft niets met een trainings- of sportjasje te maken. Het woord “sport” verwijst slechts naar de historische achtergrond van het jasje, waarbij het door heren als ‘morning jacket” tijdens de jacht werd gedragen. Een ‘sport coat’ kan van allerlei stoffen worden gemaakt, dus de vertaling ‘tweedjasje’ (Van Dale’s Eng-Ned) ) is niet juist (te beperkt). In het Ned. – Eng. deel van de Van Dale woordenboeken (4e editie, 2008) ontbreekt bij het lemma ‘colbert’ de vertaling ‘sports jacket’ of ‘sport coat’ geheel. (Zie ook clothes, note 21).Voorbeelden van verkeerde vertalingen van (AmE) sport coat: – It was a guy in profile with slicked-back dark hair, seedy-looking in an old gray sport coat that reminded Jack of Lucy’s soup kitchen and told him the guy didn’t belong here. (…) The guy in the herringbone sport coat chuckled, rubbed one of his eyes. >(…) in het grijze sportjasje (…) Opnieuw keek hij naar het rafelige sportjasje (….) (Elmore Leonard, Bandits, chapter 13, vertaald door José Tingo-Maria, “Tuig”) – Chili noticed he had on a dark-gray shirt and tie with a dark-gray sport coat and light-gray pants that looked like pajamas. > (….) met een sportief jasje (…) (Elmore Leonard, Get Shorty, chapter 25, vertaald door Marijke Versluys, “Geldschieter” [ N.B. eerder, in hoofdstuk 20, had dezelfde vertaalster wèl de correcte vertaling “colbertjes” gebruikt, in de zin: ” (…) the label in his suit and a couple of sport coats are all a men’s store in Miami.“]) – Alfred, wearing a sport coat, stopped in the living room and visited with Gary for a minute (…). > Alfred gekleed in een sportjasje, kwam even in de woonkamer met Gary praten (…). (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, “One Last Christmas”, vertaald door Marian Lameris et al, “De Correcties”) – Chris was wearing a beige tweed sportcoat, an old one with saggy pockets. > Chris droeg een sportjasje van beige tweed, een oud jasje met lubberende zakken. (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 7, vertaald door Ruud Bal als “Dynamiet”) – His dad had a sportcoat and a parka over his arm (…). > .. een sportjasje en een parka …. (Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky, chapter 7, vertaald door Ruud Bal als “Dynamiet”) – Maurice pinched the knot of his tie, brought his hand down in a smoothing gesture over his pale blue, tropical sports jacket. > … streek met zijn over zijn lichtblauwe zomerse jasje. (Elmore Leonard, La Brava, chapter 2, vertaald door Pieter Verhulst als ‘La Brava’) – He took off his sport coat (…). > Hij trok zijn sportcolbert uit …. (Elmore Leonard, La Brava, chapter 8, vertaald door Pieter Verhulst als ‘La Brava’) – …over there [was] Daddy in his old sport jacket > haar vader in zijn oude sportjasje (Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons, chapter 1, vertaald door Jack Scherpenisse et al.) – In the corner a man in a checked sport coat was shouting … / … he was dressed in collegiate style, a tweed sport coat and a red tie. ….Ken took a small manila envelope from the inside pocket of his sport coat. > In een hoek stond een man in een geruit sportjasje aan één stuk te schreeuwen ... Hij kleedde zich als een professor, een tweed sportjasje en een rode sportjas. … Ken pakte een kleine bruine envelop uit de binnenzak van zijn sportjasje. (Michael Crichton, Rising Sun, Arrow Books, pages 147, 197, 204, vertaald door Frans en Joyce Bruning) |
In AmE worden de termen ‘sport coat’ (sportcoat) en ‘blazer’ vaak als synoniemen gebruikt in de betekenis van een los ‘jasje’ of ‘colbertje’ omdat ook de (AmE) blazer tegenwoordig in allerlei kleuren wordt gemaakt. Zie link 1 en link 2.
In BrE en in het Ned. wordt de term ‘blazer’ nog voornamelijk gebruikt voor het klassieke marineblauwe jasje met goud- of zilverkleurige knopen.
Voorbeeld (AmE) sportcoat = (AmE) blazer:
– Bobby came back with a black silk blazer hooked on his finger. He held it out. Louis (..) put it on. The coat fit him (…). He (..) brushed the sport coat open with his hand (..). Louis whipped the skirt of the blazer aside (…). He still had on the black silk sport coat (…). (Elmore Leonard, Riding the Rap, vertaald door Theo Horsten, Losgeld, chapter 25)
 (AmE) sport coat / sportcoat (Macy’s, Boston) |
(AmE) sport jacket (Saratoga Racing Course, 2018 |
Achtergronden (AmE) sport(s) jacket/coat = (Ned.) colbertje
Net jasje voor dagelijks gebruik op kantoor, etc., casual, meestal van dikkere stof gemaakt, voortgekomen uit de ‘morning jacket’, later de ‘Norforlk jacket’, die door heren op de jacht of tijdens andere activiteiten buitenshuis werd gedragen, met wijdere pasvorm zodat er warmere kleding zoals een trui. Vanaf de jaren-20 in de 20e eeuw kwam de ‘sport jacket/coat in zijn huidige vorm (casual style) in opkomst als net jasje dat bij allerlei broeken kon worden gedragen. Het had nog wel enige exclusiviteit omdat het door de wat meer welgestelden werd gedragen: de gewone man vaak maar één nette broek en jasje had, die dan als “net pak” bij elkaar hoorden.
” In the U.S., blazer has come to mean anything that has sleeves and lapels and is worn with unmatched pants, but there are key differences between the three items you mention. In Europe and the tonier parts of the States — especially any place where messing about in boats is a big part of summer — a blazer [above, left] usually means a patch — pocket, navy — blue jacket with gold or (occasionally) silver buttons. The landlubberly sport coat [above, center], meanwhile, originally derived from the tweedy, robust coats worn while assisting in the untimely end of feathered or furry creatures. It had pockets with flaps, often an extra flapped ticket pocket, and was of softer construction than a suit jacket. As a modern fashion item, it should still retain the somewhat rustic, earthy look of its forebear (even when made in cashmere).
Finally, a suit jacket will always be made of the finer stuff, i.e., worsted wool, and smooth to the touch. Still, all that said, it’s rarely that cut — and — dried.“(zie link)
“[blazer] is often mistaken to be one and the same as the sports jacket. However, there are some subtle differences between the two that make each of them unique. …
So what sets the sports jacket apart?
First off the sports jacket comes in a large variety of colors and patterns. It also isn’t as structured as suit jackets or blazers, and has a generally looser fit. A sports jacket should allow you to layer a sweater underneath and perhaps engage in slightly more rugged pursuits (comparatively speaking, of course). It also will sometimes have elbow patches on the arms, as well as a slit and pleats in the back. These design details once had a functional purpose: the patches protected the elbows from wearing out while the sporting gentleman traipsed through the countryside, while the pleats allowed him greater mobility. Today they serve simply as style statements.
The sports jacket is an extremely versatile piece, going with jeans and many types of trousers, such as ones made from corduroy, moleskin, and the ever popular grey flannel.
Plus, thanks to Italian design, the sports jacket is much more lightweight than it used to be.” (link)
The sportcoat, the least formal of the trio, is derived from old tweed coats that were traditionally worn when hunting or participating in other “sporting” activities. A bit sturdier than the blazer and suit jacket, a sportscoat retains aspects influenced by its rustic predecessor, even in contemporary fashion. Also, sportcoats are frequently patterned and feature more eye-catching designs.
Blazers, however, are dressier than sportcoats but not as formal as suit jackets. Traditionally, a blazer is wool, blue with a pocket, and has distinct silver or gold buttons. However, this “tradition” has receded over time, with men opting for cotton varieties and blazers without the customary buttons.
Lastly, the suit jacket, the dressiest of the three, is made from finer wool – with a few summer versions made from cotton or linen – and is accompanied by matching pants. Even if the suit jacket is sold as a suit separate, it’s still intended to be purchased and worn with the accompanying pants.
Remember a casual jacket that isn’t navy blue and doesn’t have buttons could be a sport coat or a blazer. If it’s blue with buttons, it’s a blazer – non-negotiable. If it’s made of nice fabric and has matching pants, it’s a suit jacket.” (link)
(BrE) dinner jacket / (AmE) tuxedo*
In het Amerikaans-Engels heeft ‘dinner jacket’ een exclusievere klank dan ‘tuxedo‘. Bovendien gebruiken Amerikaanse herenkledingverkopers het woord dinner jacket voor de witte smoking die bijv. ’s zomers wordt gedragen, en noemt men de conventionele zwarte smoking (jasje) een ‘tuxedo‘.
Dezelfde bijklank van exclusiviteit geldt ook voor bijv. het Amerikaanse gebruik van (BrE) dressing gown i.p.v. bathrobe. (Zie noot 16 hierboven, en zie ook Thomas Pyles).
22. trouwring / verlovingsring
trouwring = wedding ring* / wedding band (= “gladde ring”)
De OALD (9e editie, 2015) maakt op dit punt geen onderscheid tussen Brits- en Amerikaans-Engels, maar definieert ‘wedding ring‘ als het generieke woord en ‘wedding band‘ als “a wedding ring in the form of a plain band, usually of gold” (een gewone ‘gladde’ trouwring).
Het valt op dat de OALD dit onderscheid tussen “band” en “ring” niet maakt in het geval van een verlovingsring (= ‘engagement ring’ ).
Voorbeelden (AmE):
– “she wore (…) her small diamond engagement ring and her gold wedding band.” (The Wayward Bus, John Steinbeck, hfdst. 5)
– “[He looked at] the ring on his finger. (…).”He held his hand up (…) and squinted at the gold band.” (uit: Dan Brown, The Digital Fortress, p. 246)
– “Langdon took the ring and examined it (…). He turned the ring over and eyed the very bottom of its band.” (Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol, Ch. 84)
23. rucksack / backpack / knapsack / fanny pack
In het Amerikaans-Engels hebben deze woorden hun eigen specifieke betekenis (los van regionale gebruiksfrequenties), zo blijkt in bijvoorbeeld de roman Zero Day van David Baldacci (2011). Daarbij heeft backpack de meest algemene betekenis.
De betekenis van “rucksack” (= “army backpack”) heeft daarbij de associaties van een “legerrugzak” met veel opbergruimte.
De “backpack” wordt daarnaast gebruikt voor een (grote of kleine) rugzak in algemene zin, en een “knapsack” is een klein rugzakje.
Baldacci’s hoofdpersonage John Puller heeft “a customized infantry rucksack with over a hundred compartments”(p.38), maar daarnaast ook een “backpack”: “He grabbed some items from his rucksack and put the in a collapsible backpack he always carried with him” (chapter 7, p. 52). Deze kleine “collapsible backpack” wordt later “knapsack”genoemd: “He pulled a pair of night optics from his knapsack“(chapter 8, p. 57).
Het personage Samantha Cole draagt later ook een “knapsack”: “Cole pulled some pages from a knapsack she carried” (p. 509).
“Rucksack” wordt in regionaal Amerikaans-Engels overigens ook gewoon als synoniem van “backpack” gebruikt.
In het OALD (9e editie, 2015) wordt “rucksack” ten onrechte als uitsluitend “BrE” gemarkeerd. Het is hooguit zo dat het woord “rucksack” in het BrE algemener gebruikt wordt, ook voor niet-militaire rugzakken.
(AmE) fanny pack = (BrE) bum bag = heuptasje
“He slapped on a fresh pair of gloves pulled from a fanny pack on his belt” (Baldacci, Zero Day, paperback, p. 112)
24. doily
Hoewel de tegenwoordige Amerikaanse betekenis van “doily” in de Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) als een decoratief kanten kleedje wordt omschreven (“a small decorative mat that you put on top of a piece of furniture”) komt in het boek Cannery Row van John Steinbeck ook nog de betekenis voor van “(gehaakt) onderleggertje” (“a small circle of paper or cloth with a pattern of very small holes in it, that you put on a plate under a cake or sandwiches”) die tegenwoordig als Brits-Engels wordt gekenmerkt (OALD, 9e editie, 2015
Voorbeelden (formerly AmE) doily = kanten onderleggertje:
– “She was crotcheting six doilies for Doc’s beer glasses.” (John Steinbeck, Cannary Row,1945)
Voorbeeld (BrE) doily = taartenpapiertje, kanten onderleggertje
– Baking a few scones, home-made cakes, afternoon teas, nicely served with doilies, that kind of thing. (P.D. James, The Private Patient, 2008 , book 1, chapter 7)
Voorbeeld (AmE) doily = (geborduurd) kanten kleedje
– A fragile antique chair sat wedged into the corner, its seat covered with a delicate lace doily. (Tim Green, The Letter of the Law, chapter 5)
– doilies on the backrests of Dickie’s La-Z-Boys. (Elmore Leonard, Raylan, chapter 4)
25. haberdashery
(BrE) haberdashery = fourniturenwikel, garen-en-bandwinkel = (AmE) notions (store)
(AmE) haberdashery = herenmodezaak, herenkledingwinkel, mannenmodezaak = (BrE) men’s outfitters (bijv. in Frances Fyfield, Blind Date, ch. 6), men’s wear (shop)
Voorbeelden (AmE) haberdashery (= herenmodewinkel):
– He passed (…) a haberdashery where he bought his suits on sale. (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 2 )
– Behind him, next to the elevators, was a small haberdashery with windows full of ties and Ralph Lauren’s latest. (John Grisham, The Firm, ch. 34)
– Mr. Mitlo grabbed me on the sidewalk and shoved me into his small haberdashery. (John Grisham, The Last Juror, ch. 21)
– On the way downtown he had stopped of at Herzfield, a haberdashery on Madison Avenue that carried European and British clothes, and he had bought a spotted navy silk-grenadine necktie. > … herenmodezaak …. (Tom Wolfe, Bonfire of the Vanities, chapter 23)
– a pair of luridly patterned boxer shorts (…) a black T-shirt(…) a bandana (…) all this rather dated black Street Dude haberdashery adorning the body the color of café au lait (…). > … deze nogal gedateerde straatjongensmodeartikelen … (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 11, vertaald door Mario Molegraaf als ‘Terug naar het Bloed’)
– (…) the haberdashery store owned by my father’s second-older brother, Lenny, the uncle who supplied Sandy and me with new school clothes “at cost”. (Philip Roth, The Plot Against America, chapter 6)
Voorbeeld (AmE) notions = (BrE) haberdashery = (Ned) fournituren; ‘band en garen’:
– She was merely a notions buyer for Ragar, the Finnish department store chain (…). > Zij was maar een fournitureninkoopster voor Ragar, de Finse warenhuisketen. (Tom Wolfe, A Man in Full, chapter 7, vertaald als In Alles een Man door Gerda Baardman et al.)
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Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: |
26. (glad)gestreken (overhemd, broek etc.)
(BrE meestal) pressed*
(AmE meestal ) starched
Wanneer kleding er gladgestreken uit moet zien wordt het in deAmerikaanse situatie eerst met wat stijfsel bevochtigd en daarna gestreken/geperst, thuis of in een stomerij: “starched and pressed”. In het dagelijks spraakgebruik verkorten de Amerikanen dit meestal (maar niet uitsluitend) tot “starched“. Britten daarenetegen laten het “stijven” van kleding doorgaans achterwege, en volstaan met het ‘strijken’ of ‘persen’ ervan. Vandaar dat in het Brits-Engels het woord “pressed” wordt gebruikt als het om gladgestreken kleding gaat. In BrE is het bijvoeglijk naamwoord starched in dit verband niet gangbaar. Het bijvoeglijk voornaamwoord “ironed“ is zowel in BrE als AmE veel minder gangbaar vóór een zelfstandig naamwoord (attributief), als wanneer het als deel van het werkwoordelijk gezegde wordt gebruikt (predicatief).
Voorbeelden van (BrE) ironed als attributief bijv. naamw:
– No food, nor ironed shirts for the morning (…) (Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, chapter 3)
Voorbeelden (BrE) press / pressed:
– I can press that suit in the morning. (Frances Fyfield, Blood from Stone, ch.17)
– neatly pressed shirts (Frances Fyfield, Seeking Sanctuary, ch. 12)
– Joanna [was] putting on the freshly pressed shirt (…). “look, are you sure I can wear this? – “You can be sick on it if you like. I wouldn’t have ironed it otherwise, would I?“(Frances Fyfield, Perfectly Pure and Good, ch. 4)
– A half-pressed check shirt, creased cotton trousers, shoes, no socks, no obvious thought behind what he wore. (Frances Fyfield, The Art of Drowning, ch. 13)
– John Blundell (…) looked at the line of neatly pressed clothes (…) in full ironed harmony (…). (Frances Fyfield, Trial by Fire, ch. 5)
Voorbeelden (AmE) pressed:
– The ironing board was standing in the kitchen with my dear and valued clothing pressed and hanging on the backs of chairs. Mary would pause in het gallop to swipe the iron at a dress she was pressing. (John Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent, ch. 9)
– She had the run of his closet, as long as things were neatly pressed and put back on the hangers. (John Grisham, The Pelican Brief, ch. 14)
– (…) His wife pressed [his pants] with no starch, and after a half dozen washings they felt like old pajamas (John Grisham, The Chamber, ch. 47)
–To prepare a shirt for pressing she sprinkled it with water and left it rolled up in a towel. When it was thoroughly redampened she ironed the collar first and then the shoulders, working down. > Om een overhemd strijkbaar te maken besprenkelde ze het met water en liet het opgerold in een handdoek liggen. Als het weer goed vochtig geworden was streek ze eerst de boord en daarna de schouders, naar beneden werkend. (Jonathan Franzem, The Corrections, “At Sea”, vertaald door Marian Lameris et al.)
– While sporty Barry, in a starched workshirt and pressed faded jeans, had gone inside (…). (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 12)
– … pants so stiff with perspiration that they might produced dangerous vapors under the press of an iron. (Steve Martini, The Judge, chapter 29)
– Danley’s wearing a pressed blue work shirt (…) and prison denim pants. (Steve Martini, Compelling Evidence, chapter 1)
– Instead he opted for (…) a corduroy sport coat over a plaid shirt, and gray Dockers, none of which he has allowed to be pressed. (Steve Martini, The Jury, chapter 5)
Voorbeelden (AmE) starched:
– He always wore navy-blue suspenders and white starched shirts. (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 21)
– He wore heavily starched khakis (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 30)
– He pulled on the suspender and then let it snap back against his starched white shirt. (Stephen Frey, The Insider, ch. 2)
– He sat in the middle of the fifth row, dressed in starched khakis and a button down (…). (John Grisham, Runaway Jury, ch. 3)
– [T]he clothes in the closet were neatly hung and precisely starched. (John Grisham, Runaway Jury, ch. 29)
– While sporty Barry, in a starched workshirt and pressed faded jeans, had gone inside (…). (Elmore Leonard, Stick, chapter 12)
Voorbeeld (IntE) iron (in een Amerikaanse tekst):
– Harry who irons his own shirts (Steve Martini, The Arraignment, chapter 18)
– There was a woman ironing what looked like uniforms. (Steve Martini, The List, chapter 34)
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Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: Voorbeelden van vertalingen van (AmE) ‘pressed’: Voorbeelden van vertalingen van (AmE) ‘starched’: Vertaalfouten komen vooral voor bij het vertalen van “pressed” (“gestreken”): |
27. badstof = (BrE) towelling / (AmE) terry-cloth
Voorbeelden BrE:
– She was a woman (…) in a towelling robe which took the damp off her skin. (Frances Fyfield, Without Consent, ch. 6)
– Clad in her ankle-length dressing gown of pale lilac towelling (…). She let the towelling robe soak the salty moisture from her skin. (Frances Fyfield, Seeking Sanctuary, ch. 5)
Voorbeeld AmE:
– her terry-cloth robe (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, ch. 19)
– Maybe they would be in terry cloth robes. He had some luxurious terry cloth robes hanging in the bathroom. (Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood, chapter 19)
28. dry goods
(BrE) dry goods = droge producten/voedingsmiddelen, bijv. tabak, koffie, thee, suiker
(AmE) dry goods = kleding en textiel
(BrE) dry goods store = (AmE, etymologisch) drugstore (?) = (Ned.) kruidenierswinkel (detymologisch: rogisterij?)
(AmE) dry-goods store = textiel- en kledingzaak/-winkel
Voorbeelden (AmE) dry goods = kleding en textiel / dry-goods store = kleding- en textielzaak:
– He hit the dry-goods store just as the owner was closing and persuaded him to open long enough for him to buy Lorie a mass of clothes. (…) The merchant soon was in no mood to close (…). (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 84)
– (AmE) These were the pants he’d worn for forty years, until he’d been incarcerated. He’d bought them at the old dry goods store on the square in Clanton, always keeping four or five pair in the bottom drawer of his large dresser. (John Grisham, The Chamber, chapter 47)
– Joe Madore could be mistaken for a dry-goods drummer. (Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 1)
– … and immigrant dry goods merchant … (Philip Roth, The Plot Against America, chapter 1)
29. slang words & colloquialisms
| Ned. | BrE | AmE |
| bouwvakkersdecoleté (afgezakte broek) | builder’s cleavage | butt crack, plumber’s crack |
| te hoog opgetrokken broek, van achteren | wedgie, snuggie | |
| mumblers | camel toes, mud flaps | |
| bobbel in herenbroek | bump | wad |
| hakkenbar | heel bar | while-u-wait shoe repair shop |
| kloffie (IntE: gear, togs, duds, get-up, clad-rags) | clobber, rig-out, togs, duds, kit, gubbins |
threads, |
| plunje | clobber | gear, junk |
| plu, paraplu | brolly | ± bumbershoot |
| sjiek, chic, blits | swish, posh, swanky* , (extra) smart | fancy, smart, classy, tony, high-toned, (zie Time, 26 Apr. 2010, over David Cameron: “He’s posh – he went to Eton, the toniest of all English boarding schools”; John Grisham, Runaway Jury: “sharply dressed”) |
| opzichtig | flash | |
| tof (er … uitzien) | (look) smart | (look) sharp |
| piekfijn (er … uitzien) | natty | spiffy |
| sjofel, aftands (IntE: crusty) |
grotty, rop(e)y, tatty, tinpot |
ratty, cruddy, skanky,
scagy, grody, scuzzy, gnarly |
| maf, suf, duf | naff, manky | crusty, gnarly, flaky, tacky |
| slipje (briefs) | smalls | scanties |
| pijama | jim-jams | jammies, PJs (bijv. in James Ellroy, L.A. Confidential) |
| flaneren, paraderen | sashay | |
| kitscherig, goedkoop | rinky-dink | chintzy* |
| opdirken, optutten (spruce up) | tart up | —- |
| opgedirkt (spruced up) | toffed up | duded up |
| sexy* | fruity | spicy |
| bordeelsluipers | brothel creepers | |
| alledaagse (heren)onderbroek | Y-fronts, (AusE) tighty-whities | nut-chokers |
| jampotbril | —– | Coke-bottle glasses |
| regenjas | gabardine, mac | rain slicker |
Voorbeelden (AmE) duds*, togs*, threads = (Ned) kloffie:
– There he will change from his suit and tie back to jail togs and rubber flipflops for the shackled walk across the bridge (…). (Steve Martini, The Jury)
– He’s wearing the togs of search and rescue, an orange jump-suit with belts and metal rings for every occasion. (Steve Martini, Prime Witness, chapter 1)
– Would have been a lot easier, and in the end more plausible, if they’d taken him out into a field somewhere, dressed him in hunting togs and left him there alone on the ground.” (Steve Martini, Compelling Evidence, chapter 9)
– He had spare combat duds neatly packed in another bag. (David Baldacci, Zero Day, chapter 5)
– You didn’t pay for your new duds. (Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch, chapter 24)
– Looked good in his threads. (Elmore Leonard, Get Shorty, chapter 16)
– (…) travel in wet duds (…) (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 62)
– (…) two girls in beach togs. (John D. MacDonald, Pale Gray for Guilt, chapter 15)
– (…) shivering morosely in their leisure togs (…). (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 9)
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