techniek, gereedschap & materialen
1. (BrE) spanner / (AmE) wrench = moersleutel
(BrE) key; (AmE) wrench = type inbussleutel
Voorbeelden:
steeksleutel = (BrE) open-ended spanner = (AmE) open-end wrench, tappet wrench (met aan weerszijden een verschillende maat: double open-end wrench)
ringsleutel = (BrE) ring spanner = (AmE) closed-end wrench, ring wrench, (met aan weerszijden een verschillende ringmaat: double ring wrench)
ringsteeksleutel, combinatiesleutel = (BrE) combination spanner = (AmE) combination wrench
ratelsleutel = (BrE) ratched spanner= (AmE) ratched wrench , speed wrench , ratcheting box-wrench
dopsleutel, bussleutel = (BrE) socket spanner = (AmE) socket wrench (vgl. hieronder: Ned. soksleutel/pijpsleutel)
verstelbare moersleutel, rolsteeksleutel, Engelse sleutel , bahco, verstelsleutel = (BrE) adjustable spanner, (vakjargon ook: shifter, AJ) = (AmE) , adjustable (end) wrench , C-wrench , Crescent® wrench (“crescent wrench”, zie: Grapes of Wrath)
N.B. Er zijn twee types verstelbare sleutel/tang: de ene soort (bulldog type) is vergelijkbaar met het ‘bahco’ model en wordt gebruikt als steeksleutel; het andere type (auto type) is een pijp(en)tang die voornamelijk gebruikt wordt voor het vasthouden/draaien van ronde voorwerpen/buizen (zie ook ‘pijpentang’ hieronder); de Amerikaanse monkey wrench is een oud type pijp(en)tang, dus eigenlijk is het geen verstelsleutel/bahco.
|
(AmE) bone wrench, dogbone wrench, combination socket bone wrench (van Reese & Miltex, USA) = “tiengatensleutel” (in Nederland op de markt gebracht als fietsenmakersgereedschap door het bedrijf Amigo, later opgegaan in AMG) soort ringsleutel (double ring wrench) met aan weerszijden 5 ringmaten (qua vorm lijkt deze sleutel wat op een bot, met twee verdikte, ronde uiteinden) |
 |
kruissleutel, wielsleutel = (BrE) wheel brace = (AmE) lug wrench, wheel wrench*
N.B. een (AmE) tire wrench is een soort ‘lug wrench’; het is dus een ‘wielsleutel’, en geen ‘bandenlichter’ (AmE: tire iron / (BrE) tyre lever / (Ned) bandenlichter); in de woordenlijst van Christopher Davies (Divided by a Common Language) worden (AmE) tire wrench en (BrE) tyre lever ten onrechte wèl als synoniemen vermeld.
Voorbeeld (AmE) lug wrench / wheel wrench:
– he spun the wrench, tightening the lug nuts on the front wheel of the SUV (Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon Books, page 376)
pijpsleutel, soksleutel = (BrE) box spanner, tubular spanner ; (AmE) box wrench (“a tube with 6-sided sockets on both ends. It is turned with a short length of rod (tommy bar or T bar) inserted through two holes in the middle of the tube”)
bougiesleutel (pijpsleutel/soksleutel voor bougies) = (BrE) spark-plug spanner; (AmE) spark-plug wrench
|
inbussleutel |
  |
Voorbeeld (AmE) Allen wrench:
– He (…) locked it in place using the small Allen wrench included in the bag to tighten the set screw.(…). He tried to scratch it (…) with the sharp edge of the Allen wrench (…). (Steve Martini, Double Tap, Prologue)
stervormige sleutel (= torxsleutel) = (BrE) torx key; (AmE) torx wrench
(BrE) throw a spanner into the works = (AmE) throw a monkey wrench into the works / throw a wrench into sth. (AmE ook: to monkeywrench) = een spaak/stok in het wiel steken; iets saboteren
Voorbeeld AmE:
– The social side of work is the grease that keeps the wheels turn smoothly. Handle it badly, however, and it becomes the wrench in the works.” (Emily Post’s Etiquette, 17the dition, p. 759)
(BrE/AmE) wrench
In BrE wordt de term wrench ook gebruikt (net als in AmE) voor allerlei soorten pijpentang/pijptang (pipe wrench) en griptang (plier wrench): dit is loodgietersgereedchap voor het vasthouden of draaien van ronde voorwerpen zoals pijpen, of schroeven waarvan de kop niet in een steeksleutel past.
|
Voorbeelden van pijp(en)tangen /(pipe wrenches): |
 |
thumbtorn wrench: lijkt wat op een ouderwetse waterpomptang, recht toe recht aan, zonder knik
footprints: lijkt wat op de thumbtorn wrench
chain wrench: ……
|
griptang |
 |
(verouderd BrE) gas grips
N.B. (BrE/AmE) basin wrench (soort sleutel, met twee opstaande pinnetjes voor montage van wasbak)
Zie ook Plumbing Encyclopaedia (auteur: Treloar), of wikipedia: link
2. kruiskopschroef/-schroevendraaier = crossed-slot screw (driver)
Voorbeelden:
recessed-head screw (driver), Pozidriv (PZ), Suadriv, Phillips (head) (screwdriver). Zie wikipedia-link.
3. soorten methylalcohol /spiritus
spiritus = (BrE) methalated spirits* / meths; (AmE) wood alcohol
brandspiritus = (BrE) methalated spirits* / meths; (AmE) denatured alcohol
ontsmettingsalcohol / schoonmaakalcohol (medisch) = (BrE) surgical spirit / isopropyl alcohol; (AmE) rubbing alcohol / denatured alcohol
witte spiritus, thinner (verfverdunner) = (BrE) white spirits / thinner; (AmE) liquid solvent
(AmE) sterno = een soort/merk wood alcohol (spiritus)
4. flessengas, butagas: (BrE) Calor gas™ / (AmE) cooking gas / (AmE) butane gas
Vergelijk: LPG / propane: LPG or LP Gas is the abbreviation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas. This group of products includes saturated Hydrocarbons – Propane (C3H8) and Butane (C4H10), which can be stored/transported separately or as a mixture(link).
5. olieproducten
(aard)olie, ruwe olie = (BrE/AmE) petroleum / (BrE/AmE) crude oil / (AmE) rock oil (zie John Steinbck, The Winter of Our Discontent) / (ook: BrE) mineral oil
paraffine(olie) (laxeermiddel) = (BrE) liquid paraffin / (AmE) mineral oil
waxine (=witte, harde paraffine) = paraffin wax / (AmE) paraffin
petroleum (o.a. lampolie) = (BrE) paraffin (oil) / (BrE tractor: kerosine) / (AmE) kerosene / (AmE) lamp oil*
kerosine = (BrE/AmE) kerosine, kerosene
benzine = (BrE) petrol / (AmE) gas(oline)
aardgas = (IntE) natural gas
mineral oil = (BrE) aardolie / (AmE) paraffineolie (= laxeermiddel)
Voorbeelden (AmE) gas / gasoline = benzine:
– a five gallon can of gas“ (Elmore Leonard, Cat Chaser, ch. 19)
– She’s in a gas station getting her car filled. (Michael Crichton, A Case of Need)
– They were sitting in Harding’s gasoline-powered Jeep (…). (Michael Crichton, Jurrasic Park, Ballantine Books page 191)
kerosene/kerosine = (BrE) kerosine als vliegtuigbrandstof*/tractorbrandstof / (AmE) (ook:) petroleum lampolie
coal oil = cheap kerosene (“cheap kerosene, called coal oil”, John Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent)
Zie ook Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004): “Kerosene in the US (where it is sometimes spelt -ine), Australia, and NZ is a fuel oil suitable for use in domestic lamps and heating appliances. The corresponding term in Britain is paraffin.”
In the BBC quiz-show Mastermind (13 March 2015), the difference between (BrE) paraffin and (AmE) kerosene came up:
Question: “By what name is kerosene known in Britain, especially when it is sold as fuel for oil lamps and stoves and domestic heating“.Answer: “paraffin”
Voorbeelden (AmE) kerosene = petroleum:
– …. a kerosene stove … and old kerosene refrigerator …. (John D. MacDonald, The Green Ripper, chapter 11)
– There were two kerosene lamps. (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 10)
|
Vertaaltips & dilemma’s: |
|
|
 |
|
|
6. joiner / (finish) carpenter / four-by-two / two-by-four / etc.
(BrE) joiner = timmerman, meubelmaker
A joiner is a woodworker who makes and installs architectural woodwork, including things that are called “finish carpentry” and “millwork” in the USA and UK. Joiners fabricate and install building components such as doors, windows, stairs, wooden panelling, mouldings, shop cabinets, kitchen cabinets, and other wooden fittings. The skills of a joiner are somewhat intermediate between a carpenter and a cabinet maker.
The joinery and joiner usage is obsolete in the USA, although the main carpenters’ trade union still calls itself the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
(BrE & AmE) joiner = (ook:) verenigingsmens, gezelligheidsmens, “meedoener” (Van Dale) = (BrE ook:) joiner-in*
Voorbeeld:
– My sister is not a joiner.
Voorbeelden ter illustratie van het BrE gebruik:
– “I’m not much of a joiner in. I enjoy doing things with my friends, and I’m as much up for a good night out as the next person, but when it comes to organised stuff I’d rather be somewhere else. I didn’t rush to join lots of clubs at university, preferring to hang out on the beach, I like swimming, cycling and yoga, but have never been into team sports and as a child I joined the Brownies but quickly got bored of the rules. I don’t really like large groups of people, preferring a good natter with two or three others. I’m not completely socially incompetent, I can fake it most of the time, but I’d rather not have to.”(link)
– “Doris Lessing is a joiner. She walks on the marches. She joined the Communist Party (…) and off she goes and finds another group to join.” (uit het BBC-programma “Imagine” ter nagedachtenis aan Doris Lessing, op 10 dec. 2013)
In what context is joiner(y) used in AmE? (Zie wikipedia: link)
(AmE) lumber sizes / (BrE) timber sizes (zie ook note 24)
|
Lengtematen van timmerhout (balken, planken, en platen) worden uitgedrukt in feet. Breedte x dikte (width x depth) wordt aangeduid in inches, waarbij in het Brits-Engels het grootste getal eerst wordt genoemd (zie David Grote’s British English for American Readers, 1992: “British practice is to always put the larger number first“). Dit geldt ook voor het AusE en NzlE, evenals de metrische maten in het Nederlands. In het Amerikaans Engels is het precies andersom. Een veelvoorkomende balksoort is bijv. de (BrE/AusE/NzlE) four- by-two = (AmE) two-by-four = 100×50 metric millimetres. Een doe-het-zelver die een stevig balkje nodig heeft, vraagt daarom vaak om een two-by-four / four-by-two. N.B. De Amerikaanse uitdrukking dringt ook de Brits Engelse spreektaal binnen. In Monty Python’s Life of Brian heeft Eric Idle het in de kruisigingsscene over een two-by-four. Daarentegen beschrijft het John Cleese personage Basil Fawlty (in de Britse tv-serie Fawlty Towers, aflevering “The Builders”) de deurpost die O’Reilly heeft gebruikt als een “four-by-two“. |
|
Voorbeelden (AmE) two-by-four, etc. voor “(stevige, houten) balk”, “een stevig stuk hout”:
– Pa slapped that skunk with a two-by-four.(John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath)
– the bedposts were two-by-fours (John Steinbeck, Sweet Thursday, chapter 11)
– It doesn’t matter how strong the lock is. What usually gives is the frame. A lousy two-by-four if you’re lucky.” (David Baldacci, Saving Faith)
– (…) I feel like somebody just hit me with a two-by-four. (David Baldacci, True Blue, chapter 98)
– “You stay here. If somebody other than me comes flying past, trip them and then bash them on the head with like a two-by-four or something.”(David Baldacci, True Blue, chapter 37)
– I’ve whacked her with a two-by-four (Steve Martini, Compelling Evidence, chapter 24)
– there’s not much, short of a two-by-four up about the back of his head, that’s gonna slow him. (Steve Martini, The Attorney, chapter 8)
– The guy Foley assaulted with a two-by-four. (Elmore Leonard, The Hunt, chapter 14)
Voorbeelden (AmE) four-by-four, etc. voor “(vierkante) balk”, meestal een “staande balk”:
– He looked into the tool shed and patted the four-by-four supports.(John Steinbeck, East of Eden, chapter 3)
– Each section was supported by long four-by-four posts (…). (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 12)
– I braced my back against one of the four by fours that held up the porch roof. (John D. MacDonald, A Deadly Shade of Gold, chapter 19)
Voorbeelden (AmE) “one-by-six” / “one-by-ten”, etc. afmetingen in inches, voor “(houten) plank”/ “houten lat”:
– The fences were split redwood posts set in the ground with one-by-six planks nailed halfway up connecting them. (John Steinbeck, The Wayward Bus, chapter14)
– She began (…) gaining the weight (…) that made her fanny look a great deal less as if it had been slapped flat by a one by six. (John D. MacDonald, Pale Gray for Guilt, chapter 17)
– flattened by a blow with a one-by-ten plank (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 13)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) afmetingen voor bijv. houten/harboard platen, in feet:
– Sam caught hold of Jud and forced him down just as a big four-by-eight sheet of some sort of wallboard went sailing by (…). (John D. MacDonald, Condominium, chapter 38)
– I saw a piece of weathered board in the sea grass, a splintered piece of one-by-six a little over two feet long. (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 9)
Ook afmetingen van foto’s, enveloppes, systeemkaarten, etc. worden op deze manier aangeduid. Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004) vermeld hierover: ‘measurements’: (BrE) 6″ x 4″ slips = (AmE) 4″ x 6″ slips = systeemkaartjes die bijv. door lexicografen worden gebruikt. Veel voorkomende formaten van foto-formaten zijn: eight-by-ten, five-by-seven.
(Zie ook note 6 van Language & Printing / Taal & Drukwerk.)
Voorbeelden (AmE) foto-formaten eleven by fourteen (= “extra groot formaat”), eight by ten (= “groot formaat”) / five by seven (= “normaal formaat”), etc.:
– He put three 8 x 10 glossies on the desk top. (…) “Can I have dupes of these?”- Got them right here for you. Smaller. Five by sevens. Okay?” (John D. MacDonald, Pale Gray for Guilt, chapter 8)
– I got a big envelope by mail. There were twelve photographs in it. Eight-by-ten glossies. (John D. MacDonald, The Quick Red Fox, chapter 2)
– He had a studio and dark-room in his house, and he also had another setup. (…) a setup for making and drying eight-by-ten prints (…). (John D. MacDonald, The Quick Red Fox, chapter 10)
– some eight-by-ten color shots (John D. MacDonald, The Lonely Silver Rain, chapter 1)
– I’ll get prints made. Black and white. Fine grain. (…) So get enlargements like maybe eight by ten. (John D. MacDonald, The Lonely Silver Rain, chapter 2)
– I pulled the pictures out. There was one big one, and I looked at that first. It was black and white, on semi-gloss paper without borders, a vertical shot, about eleven by fourteen, a close-up so extreme, her features were larger than life size. (…) There were four enlargements, all five by seven, glossy, in sharp focus. (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 6)
– I told him what I wanted, and he spread out the four photographs of Vangie, the five by sevens. (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 10)
– They were five by seven photographs (…) with a semi-gloss finish (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 6)
– The photographs were eight-by-ten glossies (…). (John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber, chapter 10)
– (…) the eight-by-ten black and white prints (Elmore Leonard, La Brava)
– The pictures of Danny Boy were enlarged to eight by tens, and tacked along a wall in the kitchen of the dirty little cottage (…). (John Grisham, The Partner, chapter 1)
– Parrish passed around color eight by tens of the remains of the only person in the Blazer. (John Grisham, The Partner, chapter 14)
– He pulled five glossy eight-by-tens from a file and slid them across the desk into Mitch’s lap. (John Grisham, The Firm, chapter 12)
Voorbeelden van (AmE) kaart-, papier- en enveloppe-afmetingen: nine-by-twelve / six-by-nine:
– a nine-by-twelve manila envelope (John D. MacDonald, The Scarlet Ruse, chapter 10)
– three six-by-nine manila clasp envelopes (John D. MacDonald, The Scarlet Ruse, chapter 18)
– She rolled a five-by-eight card into her typewriter. (John D. MacDonald, Nightmare in Pink, chapter 8)
| Vertalerstip: Voor dagelijks en niet-wetenschappelijke gebruik is een letterlijke vertaling van afmetingen in inches of centimeters niet wenselijk. Het zijn geen afmetingen die in niet-Engelssprekende landen algemeen bekend en ingeburgerd zijn, en het zijn ook niet de precieze afmetingen die de betekenis van deze woorden het best weergeven. De essentiële betekenis en beste vertaling van two-by-four is daarom ‘een houten balk(je)’, en van one-by-six ‘een houten lat’ of ‘een plank’. In het geval van foto’s kan de vertaler doorgaans volstaan met vertalingen als ‘middelgroot formaat’ of ‘groot formaat’, of iets dergelijks. |
| 7. (BrE) joinery = (AmE) millwork plant
|
 |
8. (BrE) gaffer tape = ± (AmE) duck tape / (AmE) duct tape = reparatietape, “buisomwikkeltape”
(AmE) electrical tape/ (AmE) electrician’s tape = isolatieband
(AmE) cargo tape (zie John Grisham, Gray Mountain)
 |
 |
|
|
N.B. in tegenstelling tot ‘duct tape’ versmelt (BrE) ‘gaffer tape’ niet met het materiaal waarop het wordt aangebracht (Chris Rae)
Voor een lijst met tape-soorten, zie wikipedia (link)
9. machine operator = (1) machinebestuurder, machinist op machine / (2) machinebankwerker
machinist, machinebestuurder (kraanmachinist, shovelbestuurder, heier, etc) = (AmE) equipment operator (bijv. tamping equipment operator, piledriver operator, surfacing equipment operator, construction equipment operator) , machine operator ( paving machine operator) , (BrE) (construction) plant operator (bijv. whacker plate operator, compactor operator, (tower) crane operator, etc)
machinebankwerker = machinist / machine operator / (= AmE machine tender / BrE machine minder) = ;
tegenwoordig vaak m.b.v. computer: computer control programmers/operators, CNC operators (= BrE: CNC machinist)
vgl: miller, toolmaker, engineering craft machinist
10. operator / operative
(BrE) operative = arbeider al dan niet met een vakopleiding, in lagere functie
Voorbeelden van (BrE) operative (zie Britse banensite: link):
quary operative (= quarry worker), demolition operative ( = demolition worker), recycling operative, port operative (AmE: longshoreman, BrE ook: docker) , warehouse operative (AmE: stock clerk) , textile operative, leakage operative, construction operative (= building operative, groundworker, labourer), engineering operative, vending machine operative (vuller, schoonmaker, en onderhoudsmonteur van snoep-, en sigarettenautomaten, etc.), (food) packaging operative (= machine technician; bediener van machines, of lopende-band medewerker), timber yard operative, paper manufacturing operative, water network operative, footware manufacturing operative (= schoenmaker), highway operative (= roadworker); iemand die handmatig inpakt is een packer.
(AmE) operative: functionaris in overheidsdienst, meestal een geheim agent, geen officiële functienaam
Voorbeelden (AmE) operative:
(AmE) government operative, secret service operative
“I was vaguely aware of a Beltway operative by the name of Barry Rafko or, more famously, Barry the Backhander. He had been a consultant, a strategist, an analyst, a fund-raiser and a spokesman.” (John Grisham, The Racketeer, 2013)
operator = bediener van machine, opzichter/bewaker van bij industrieel proces;
Voorbeelden:
Van Britse banensite (link): checkout operator (caissiere), (foundry) process operator, heat treatment operator, forklift truck operator, camera operator, construction plant operator (machinist, machinebestuurder)
Voorbeelden van de U.S. Department of Labor website: equipment operator, power plant operator, plant operator, system operator, (AmE) machine operator (= machinist, machine tender, BrE machine minder), computer operator, camera operator, construction equipment operator, etc.
N.B.
BrE ook: telephone operator (= telephonist / swithchboard operator), call centre operator (= contact centre operator)
11. mechanic / technician / technologist / engineer: monteur, technicus, technoloog, ingenieur
mechanic = ‘monteur’ voor controle, reparaties en onderhoud van bijv. auto’s; tegenwoordig ook vaak (AmE/BrE) technician genoemd;
technician: ’technicus’ met soms minimale (high school) opleiding (en een leerperiode in het bedrijf) of een lagere of middelbare beroepsopleiding (apprenticeship programs, informally on the job, in vocational high schools, and in community or technical colleges) met technisch ondersteunende verantwoordelijkheden (controle, reparatie, onderhoud en/of bediening van technische apparatuur), ook (in AmE) min of meer oneigenlijk/eufemistisch gebruikt voor vakgebieden die puur praktisch zijn en geen of nauwelijks enige theoretische technische kennis vereisen (bijv. AmE: ‘cleaning technician‘ = janitor / maid, etc. (iemand die stofzuiger, tapijtreiniger, etc bedient, en een korte opleiding/bedrijfstraining heeft gehad m.b.t. toepassing van schoonmaakmiddelen en -technieken; vgl. (Ned. eufemistisch) ‘interieur verzorger/ster’ (andere ‘politiek correcte’ (AmE) functiebenamingen hiervoor zijn: Porter, Custodial technician, Sanitation supervisor, Domestic engineer , Guest Service Associate (G.S.A.), Environmental Services Associate, Care taker, Industrial Floor Maintenance Sanitation Engineer (Rite Care tm) (zie wikipedia link)
Zie ook hieronder bijv.: library technician.
De functienaam technician wordt steeds vaker gebruikt i.p.v. mechanic, repairer, maintenance man, etc.
Voorbeelden van technician:
(BrE/AmE) emergency medical technician / EMT (‘ambulancebroeder’ met lagere vakopleiding/rang/salaris dan de paramedic;de opleiding voor de functie kan variëren van EMT-Basic, EMT-Intermediate, tot EMT-paramedic)
(AmE) (medical) technician (administers medication in long-term care setting)
(AmE) phlebotomy technician (performs venipuncture)
(AmE) library technician (library technicians both help librarians acquire, prepare, and organize material and assist users in finding information)
(AmE) pharmacy technician ( pharmacy technicians help licensed pharmacists provide medication and other health care products to patients. Technicians usually perform routine tasks to help prepare prescribed medication for patients, such as counting tablets and labeling bottles)
(AmE) automotive service technician (= mechanic: the work of automotive service technicians and mechanics has evolved from mechanical repair to a high technology job. As a result, these workers are now usually called “technicians” in automotive services and the term “mechanic” is falling into disuse)
(AmE) (heavy vehicle, etc.) service technician (= mechanic; onder andere a.g.v. van toenemende technische complexiteit van machines, is de term mechanic vaak vervangen door technician)
(AmE) service technician = (AmE) home appliance repairer (= onderhoudsmonteur van bijv. koelkast, wasmachine, etc.)
(AmE) veterinary technician (= technologist:veterinary technologists and technicians perform many of the same duties for a veterinarian that a nurse would for a physician, including routine laboratory and clinical procedures. Although specific job duties vary by employer, there often is little difference between the tasks carried out by technicians and by technologists, despite some differences in formal education and training. As a result, most workers in this occupation are called technicians.)
technologist (= technicus, technoloog): vaak synoniem met engineer, zie hieronder, en wikipedia (link), maar soms is de functie ook gelijk aan die van technician (zie boven bij veterinary technician/technologist)
Voorbeelden technologist:
(AmE) surgical technologist = (AmE) scrub / surgical technician / operating room technician = (BrE) operating department practitioner (= registered nurse in operating theatre who assists in surgical operations under the supervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or other surgical personnel).
engineer (= hoger opgeleide technicus, technoloog, of ingenieur):
Er woedt een discussie over het oneigenlijk gebruik van deze functieaanduiding (zie wikipedia, link);
In Engelstalige landen (VS, Canada, en het Verenigd Koninkrijk) is de professional engineer een ’technoloog/ingenieur met hogere beroeps- of zelfs universitaire opleiding (vergelijk in BrE de functietitel Chartered Engineer/ Incorporated Engineer); ontwerper/ontwikkelaar van nieuwe technische toepassingen, maar ook analist/tester/controleur van bestaande techniek. Iemand met een formele hogere beroepsopleiding en bijbehorende titel (professional engineer = ing. of op academisch niveau = ir.) kan bijvoorbeeld met registered / licenced / (BrE) chartered professional engineer worden aangeduid.
Zie officiële Amerikaans overheidswebsite link:
In addition to design and development, many engineers work in testing, production, or maintenance. These engineers supervise production in factories, determine the causes of component failure, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also estimate the time and cost to complete projects. Some move into engineering management or into sales.
Voorbeelden van (hoger opgeleide) engineers uit de officiële banenwebsite van de V.S. link
aerospace engineer, agricultural engineer, biomedical engineer, chemical engineer, civil computer hardware engineer, electrical engineer, electronics engineer, environmental engineer, health and safety engineer, industrial engineer, marine engineer, materials engineer, mechanical engineer, mining and geological engineer, mining safety engineer, nuclear engineer, petroleum engineer.
sales engineer (AmE: bachelor’s degree in engineering usually is required to become a sales engineer. However, some workers with previous experience in sales combined with technical experience or training sometimes hold the title of sales engineer.)
De term engineer wordt ook wel oneigenlijk gebruikt en is aan ‘inflatie’ onderhevig, en wordt soms gebruikt voor vakmensen die geen hogere beroepsopleiding (minimaal vergelijkbaar met HBO, dus vergelijkbaar met Nederlandse ingenieur met ing.-titel, of universitaire ir.-titel) hebben gevolgd; zie meer voor meer info op wikipedia (link).
Voorbeelden van het verschillend gebruik van engineer x technician:
– All of them, astronautrs, administrators, engineers, technicians, were suddenly in such trouble that a wagon-phase began. (…) There were more than a hundred NASA engineers and technicians nearby (…). (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 9)
– On the evening of Gagarin’s flight, April 12, 1961, President Kennedy summoned James E. Webb and Hugh Dryden, Webb’s deputy administrator and NASA’s highest-ranking engineer, to the White House (…). (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 9)
– (…) in front of these consoles were some by now highly keyed-up technicians whose sole mission was to stare at the dials and account for every fluctuation. (…) [E]ach engineer monitoring the panels showing the status of the various flight systems was agonizing over whether to declare, finally, his system was “go” – after which it would be his responsibility if the system malfunctioned. (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 10)
Voorbeeld van oneigenlijk gebruik in BrE: the term ‘engineer’ is often mistakenly used to describe a technician or a person that mends and operates machinery. A notable example was on Page 8 of the 2001 UK Census Form, where one of the example job titles listed was “Television Service Engineer” (link). (This is in contrast to mainland Europe, where engineering is seen as comparable to other professions such as medicine and architecture)
Idem m.b.t. AmE: the term “field engineer” is often used to describe manufacturers’ (or third party) supplied installers and/or maintainers of (complex) equipment at a user’s site. However, they are not commonly degreed engineers.
Meer voorbeelden (zie officiële banenwebsite van U.S. link):
stationary engineers (vgl. boiler operators): usually acquire their skills through a formal apprenticeship program or through on-the-job training supplemented by courses at a trade or technical school.
IT/computer systems engineer
security engineer
Let ook op het AmE gebruik voor de bestuurder van een specifiek voertuig (bijv. trein of brandweerauto):
(AmE) railroad engineer / (train) engineer = (BrE/AmE) train driver = (BrE) engine driver
(AmE) ship’s engineer
(AmE) flight engineer (vgl. pilot)
(AmE) fire engineer (= a firefighter whose job is to drive the fire apparatus and, if it has an onboard water supply, to stay with the engine and operate the pumps so that the firefighters on the hose can have enough water to put out the fire)
Zie ook:
engineering technician (wikipedia: link)
engineering technologist (wikipedia: link)
12. calculator, kostencalculator, bestekmaker
(BrE) quantity surveyor = calculator, bestekmaker (meestal BrE, lid van de Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors).
Estimator = vaak een Quantity Surveyor die onder de verantwoordelijkheid van een Chief Estimator werkt
In een aantal Engelstalige landen gebruikt men de term “contracts engineer”.
Andere benamingen zijn: “costs estimator” / “costs engineer”.
13. gipsplaat
(algemeen:) drywall, gypsum board, wallboard, plasterboard
(AmE) Sheetrock, rock lath
(NzlE, handelsmerk van Winstone Wallboard) Gibraltar board, GIB wall and ceiling linings
(Zie ook Wikipedia)
14. plamuur- en pleisterwerk
grindpleister = (BrE) pebble dash / (AmE) pebble-coated stucco
plamuur = (BrE) Polyfilla™ / (AmE) spackle
15. geluidsdemper
geluidsdemper (op auto-uitlaat) = (BrE) silencer / (AmE) muffler
geluidsdemper (op vuurwapen): silencer / (AmE ook:) suppressor (on the gun’s muzzle) / suppressor can / can
(BrE/ IntE) muffler = (wollen) das
(AmE ook) muffler = geluidsdemper (op vuurwapen) = (Bre/IntE) silencer
Voorbeelden (AmE) suppressor = silencer = (Ned.) geluidsdemper op vuurwapen
– “she saw the gun muzzle with a suppressor can (…) a can on the rifle muzzle” (David Baldacci, True Blue)
– “A Glock pistol with a suppressor can attached” (David Baldacci, The Innocent, chapter 1)
– Like the man use to make my suppressors? (…) same thing as a silencer (….) (Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch, chapter 14)
Voorbeeld (AmE) muffler = geluidsdemper op uitlaat:
– I suspect it’s like those bikers who disconnect their mufflers. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections, “The Generator”)
– It [the Honda Civic] was pink, with a special muffler. (John D. MacDonald, The Green Ripper, chapter 2)
Voorbeeld (AmE/IntE) muffler = wollen das:
– When Skolnick trudged out of the courthouse for the day, in an old rabbit hat and a lumpy muffler knitted by his granddaughter, the agents had him under surveillance. (Scott Turow, Personal Injuries, chapter 15)
Voorbeeld (BrE) muffler = das (van wol of andere stof))
– Men are illustrated wearing evening dress, silk hats, long black coats and white silk mufflers. (Picture Postcards of the Golden Age, Tonie and Valmai Holt, 1971, page 53)
16. gin (afgeleid van ‘engine’) had oorspronkelijk de algemene betekenis van ‘een apparaat’ (= device)
(BrE) a gin = a gin trap = een val in de vorm van een grote metalen klem bedoeld voor klein wild zoals ratten, konijnen, die vroeger veel op het platteland werd gebruikt voor het vangen van o.a. konijnen (ook door stropers); een apparaat dat niet meer geproduceerd, verkocht en gebruikt mag worden.
(AmE) gin = a cotton gin = (Ned) ‘egreeneermachine’, d.w.z. een ontkorrelmachine voor ruw, pasgeplukt katoen; een eind 18e eeuw uitgevonden apparaat, met name in gebruik in de Zuidelijke VS; het apparaat (‘engine‘) kon oorspronkelijk zowel met de hand als met paardenkracht worden aangedreven; later werd mens- en paardenkracht vervangen door stoom-, diesel- en elektrische motoren; het apparaat wordt o.a. genoemd in John Grishams A Painted House (gesitueerd op het platteland van Arkansas).
|
|
|
a gin = naast bovengenoemde betekenissen (afgeleid van ‘engine’), heeft ‘gin’ natuurlijk ook de algemene betekenis van ‘een glas gin’, naast allerlei slang-betekenissen (AmE: ‘black prostitute’, ‘cocaine’, ‘street fight between youth gangs’; AusE: ‘aboriginal woman’)
| Zie ook: Penguin’s Dictionary of Building, 4th ed., repr. 1995 | ||
| BrE | AmE | Ned. |
|
above/below ground level access cover/eye, inspection fitting soot door brick axe, axe, bricklayer’s hammer ballast bar setting astragal profile spigot-and-socket joint bar bender, (bending tool) weatherboarding blinding concrete blistering blockboard, lamin board common brick cladding coach screw pipe tongs, footprints separating wall, party wall masonry nail downpipe, downcomer, rainwater pipe jack rafter (for a hipped end) edge bend, spring, (warping of timber) herring-bone strutting door lining draw cable, draw wire maisonette dust dry pendant fitting engineering brick facing brick, facings face edge, working edge fire barrier fire-resisting glass fire riser flat arch, straight arch French arch, soldier arch float ball-valve floor clip, bulldog clip flushing valve timber-frame construction service lift, trunk lift supply and fix mansard roof, curb roof (total) going (of a flight of stairs) formation level, ground level, gradient saddle-jib crane (safety) helmet cross-joint lift shaft, lift well honeycombing hose union tap, hose cock socket socketless pipe, unsocketed pipe in-situ concrete steelfixer jerkin-head roof, hipped gable, shread head (building) site (building) specification finish carpentry machine shop larch rainwater header/hopper withe, tier string course*, band course vent pipe TV distribution time distribution, time system plant room variation skirting ———– cavity wall glazing bar, mullion slam buffer perpend stone piano hinge pisé, pisé de terre eaves lining, soffit board secret gutter shiplap boards barrel nipple (pipe) socket socket outlet footplate, ground sill, mud sill, sole piece spread and level sub-frame surface box trimmed joist tilting fillet, doubling piece, skew fillet fanlight trimmer joist* underlay water fittings weathering ——— window board*, (ScE: sillboard) Z-purlin |
above/below grade cleanout ashpit door, cleanout door axhammer, ax gravel (ballast) steelfixing glazing bar batter board bell-and-spigot joint hickey bevel siding, clapboard slope concrete blub (staved) lumber core building brick siding lag bolt combinations, combination pliers common wall concrete nail downspout, conductor, leader creeper crook cross-bridging door buck, door casing fish tape duplex apartment dust free electrolier engineered brick face brick work edge fire block fire window standpipe jack arch —– floater, finishing trowel floatvalve sleeper clip flushometer frame house freight elevator furnish and install gambrel roof run (of a flight of stairs) grade (level) hammerhead crane hardhat head joint hoistway rock pocket sill cock hub hubless (joint) pipe cast-in-place concrete ironfighter clipped gable ——— job site, worksite job specification joinery millwork plant, planing mill tamarack leader head, conductor head leaf ledgement, belt course loop vent master antenna system master clock system mechanical room modification, change mopboard, washboard, baseboard, sub-base multi-unit wall muntin mute, rubber silencer perpend continuous hinge rammed earth construction plancier piece concealed valley shiplap siding shoulder fitting, shoulder nipple (pipe) bell receptacle abutment piece —– wasting buck valve box tailpipe cant strip transom window (also:) header underlayment valving wash ———- (also:) (window) stool Z-bar, zee-bar |
boven/beneden het maaiveld ontstoppingsstuk roetdeur stratenmakershamer grindballast betonvlechten astragaal, stijlband profiel, bouwplank mofverbinding pijpenbuiger, buigijzer houten buitenbekleding, beschot werkvloer (bij betonconstructies) blaar (in pleisterwerk) meubelplaat mestelsteen, bouwsteen gevelbeplating, wandbekleding hamerbout, houtschroefbout, etc. knipbuigtang, combinatietang mandelige/woningscheidende muur betonnagel regenpijp dakspar, keper, schoorbalkje kromtrekken (van hout) andreaskruis, dwarskoppeling deurkozijn draadtrekken duplexwoning, maisonnette stofdroog lichtkroon metselklinker schoon/zichtbaar metselwerk spiegelrand brandwering hittebestendig glas standbuis, standpijp strekse boog (boven venster) verhoogde boog strijkbord (metselgereedschap) kogelventiel klemplaat vlotterafsluiter (in stortbak) vakwerkwoning dienstlift, goederenlift leveren en plaatsen mansarde-dak, gebroken dak aantrede (van een trap) kroonlijn, maaiveld hamerkraan bouwhelm stootvoeg, dwarsvoeg liftschacht, liftkoker grindnest gevelkraan, slangkraan mof, sok, bus (van een pijp/buis) kraagloze pijp in-situ beton, gestort beton betonvlechter wolfseind ——— bouwplaats (bouw)bestek fijn timmerwerk, schrijnwerk fabriekshal, machinehal larikshout (regenwater)vergaarbak 1 halfsteenswand van spouwmuur uitstekende laag stenen ontluchtingspijp, ventilatiepijp centraal antennesysteem moederkloksysteem installatieruimte afwijking, verschil plint, vloerlijst ———— spouwmuur tussenstijl, middelpost/-stijl deurstop kopsteen pianoscharnier plakwerk (bekleding van talud) bekistingsplank (?) verholen goot rabat-wandbekleding dubbele nippel (met schroefdraad) kraag (van buis) contactdoos, stopcontact onderregel, slof, sloof wegtering tussenraam afsluiterhuis, klepkast inbalking, ingelaten balk mastiekrib, schuimhout bovenlicht (bijv. boven deur) raveelverbinding onderlaag waterleidinghulpstukken lichte verhoging in vensterbank of metselwerk voor waterafvoer vensterbank Z-vormige stang |
|
Zie ook: Penguin’s New Dictionary of Civil Engineering, 2005 |
||
| BrE | AmE | Ned. |
|
foul sewer* ground beam gully stress raft foundation pressure line, piezometric head line sleeper sewage Larssen Frodingham S-shaped beam* datum ± BSI boulder clay set square expanded metal lathing plot ratio ——- light-loss factor, LLF ——— (usually:) skirting trunking ——— stable door tilting/skew fillet, doubling piece |
(also:) sanitary sewer
grade beam street inlet intensity of stress mat foundation hydraulic grade line (rail) tie sewerage U-profile Z-profile (also:) narrow flange beam gage height ± ANSI till, tillite triangle wire lath floor area ratio ——— dirt-depreciation factor —— plugmold, wireway, raceway, baseboard trunking Dutch door cant strip |
vuilwaterriool
deurdorpel, deurdrempel straatkolk spanningssterkte plaatfundering drukleiding, persleiding, druklijn biels riool U-profiel Z-profiel smalflensbalk gemiddel laagwaterpeil standaardisatie-instituut (± NEN) keileem winkel-/schrijfhaak, tekendriehoek strekmetaal vloer/terreinverhouding, bebouwingspercentage (?) verouderingsfactor (m.b.t. verlichting) (kabel) plintgoten —- onderdeur met bovendeur mastiekrib, zoomlat, knijp/knelplank |
18. terminologie uit woningbouw, aanbesteding, etc.
| BrE | AmE | Ned. |
|
tendering ———- ——— vetting, bill of quantities, BQ, BOQ variation order council collusive tendering damages for delay employer, client site instruction site engineer gross features instructions to tenderers selected tenderer lowest tender preliminaries, preliminary expenses open tendering progress project manager, client’s representative schedule of outstanding works schedule of defects, snagging list ———- public services by-laws, (local building laws) plot, site boundary line |
———- base bid alternate proposal bid tabulation bill of materials change order (local authority) bid collusion, bid rigging penalty clause owner field order field superintendant characteristics notice to bidders invited bidder low bid mobilization costs open bidding progress chart construction program manager punch list ———— submittal utilities building codes lot lot line |
aanbesteding —– —– —– bestek, (quantabestek, stuklijst op opdracht afwijkend v/h contract (?) gemeente illegale prijsafspraak boete(clausule) voor te laat opleveren ——– projectleider ——– instructies voor aanbesteders —— laagste inschrijving aanloopkosten open aanbesteding voortgangsplanning projectleider gebrekenlijst, restpuntenlijst —— —— nutsbedrijven bouwverordeningen, -voorschriften bouwperceel perceelsgrens |
19. overige termen (zie: Penguin’s Building Dictionary & New Dictionary of Civil Engineering)
| BrE | AmE | Ned. (?) |
|
permanent formwork/-shuttering ——— backdrop, sewer chimney pitch-fibre pipe ——– solid bridging, solid strutting pocket, box-out ——— bullet-head nail joiner’s finish ——– coursed squared rubble (chimney) saddle (prefab) manhole channel —— daywork dead end draught stabalizer, draught diverter dry riser eaves course bush hammer —— —— fit-out, fitting out enclosed stair, protected stair ——– ——– ——– ganger ground slab gypsum plank —– expanded clay mate hollow clay block (hot) bonding component inverted roof, protected membrane roof Italian tiling (1) mission tile, (2) single lap tile, (3) Roman tile joinery fittings —— lead safe* lift controls loft ladder, disappearing stair ——- motorized barrow, meachanical barrow nailing strip, nailing block nail punch*, nail set* natural/initial ground level close string solid wood floor foot cut plugging chisel, plugging drill regular coursed rubble ——– tray, pan —– —— cove base shoe —- —- —- —– —– twin-shaft paddle mixer —– —– wye (= T-stuk) —— clutch* formation time formation —– centroid gravitational water groyne (cemented) glacial drift headworks ——– ——- centres punning bent-up bar toe line, toe level theodolite waling* W-shape* withe |
absorptive form, sacrificial form appurtenance works sewer chimney bituminized fiber pipe bleeder pipe, bleeder tile block bridging blockout bonding capacity finish nail carpenter’s finish cheek cut random ashlar cricket cunette channel dap, dapping force account false exit barometric damper dry standpipe starting course facing hammer fillister, sash filllister finish hardware outfitting fire tower flagman foot cut, plate cut, seat cut frontager sub-foreman slab-on-grade board lath hanging gutter haydite helper structural clay tile hot stuff i.r.m. assembly pan and roll tiles Spanish tile —— millwork larrying (up) (also:) dip sink elevonics —— mechanic’s lien buggy, concrete cart nailer (also:) brad punch natural grade notch board open cornice plate cut, seat cut star drill range masonry, coursed ashlar, range work receptor finish hardware rough hardware sanitary shoe shoe mold slag strip slushed-joint method stock lumber storm door structural glass twin pug U-tie valley jack Y-branch (= Y-verloop), yoke (= klomkrans) (also:) interlock (final) grade grade gooseneck gravity axis gravity water groin hardpan intake heading kip (= one thousand pounds weight) on center rodding slant bar tip grade transit (also:) wale (also:) wide flange beam wythe |
? |
20. slang words & colloquialisms
| Ned. | BrE | AmE |
| dingetje (IntE: thingummy, thingamabob, thingumajig, thingy) | gubbins, doings, doodah | watchammacallit, thingamagigs, thingamabob,gadget, doohickey, gizmo, doodad, dealie, dealy, dealy-bop, deal, widget |
| hapering, kink (in de kabel) | hitch | glitch |
| addertje onder het gras | snag | catch |
| schroot | scrap | junk |
| kunst en vliegwerk | (fix sth with) paper clips and pull ties |
Voorbeelden (AmE) doodad, doohickey, thingamabob, etc.:
– What’s that tape doohickey (James Ellroy, L.A. Cofindential)
– a new thingamabob (John Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent)
21. (BrE) Heath Robinson = (AmE) Rube Goldberg = een ingewikkelde, onpraktische constructie/uitvinding/oplossing/machine/etc.
Voorbeelden:
– Uit het Amerikaanse tijdschrift Time (1 feb. 2010): “The Rube Goldberg machinery of governance in Washington was just too convoluted and rust-ridden to handle something so huge in one giant bite.”
– this rocket-and-ca[psule system was novel and had a lot of Rube Goldberg stuff in it. (…) a man shouldn’t feel too goddamn unlucky if he didn’t get involved in this Rube Goldberg capsule business. (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 4)
Larry Lightbulb = Willy Wortel / Lampje:
Voorbeelden:
– In any case, Project Mercury, the human cannonball approach, looked like a Larry Lightbulb scheme, and it gave off the funk of panic. (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 3)
– Carpenter’s flight agenda had been loaded with Larry Lightbulb experiments (…). (Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff, chapter 13)
22. technische beroepen (spreektaal)
(BrE) bricky = bricklayer = metselaar
(BrE) chippy = carpenter = timmerman
(BrE) sparky = leckyman, leccy = electrician = electriciën
(BrE) panel beater = (AmE) bodyman = plaatwerker, uitdeuker, carrosseriehersteller
23. (AmE) excelsior = (BrE) woodwool = (Ned) zaagsel
Voorbeelden (AmE) excelsior:
– Doc walked quietly down the stairs and into the cellar. Frankie was in the excelsior box burrowed down clear to the bottom, with the pile of excelsior on top of him. (John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row , 1945)
– Against the far wall four wooden crates, three of which were open, (…) lost in a sea of excelsior. (…) He replaced the urn and swept a pile of raffia and excelsior from the shelf onto the floor. (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 12)
24. timber / lumber
(BrE) timber = (AmE) lumber = (op maat gezaagd, afgewerkt) timmerhout
(BrE) lumber = overtollig materiaal, overtollig meubilair, rommel (= AmE/BrE: junk)
(AmE) timber = (1) hout op stam, opgaand hout, productiebos, productiebomen (vergelijk AmE) timberline = boomgrens = (IntE/BrE) tree line)
(2) grof hout, boomstam, balk, a piece of lumber larger than 4 x 6 inches)
Zie ook: timber business, timberland, timber rights/leases
(AmE) lumber = timmerhout (zie ook: lumberyard, lumber mill)
(AmE) Timber! = Van onderen! Pas op, vallende boom!
(BrE/IntE) treeline* = (AmE) timberline
Opmerking mb.t. (AmE) treeline / timberline:
Formeel gesproken is er in het Amerikaans-Engels een verschil tussen ’treeline’ en ‘timberline‘.
Vergelijk (BrE/IntE) ’treeline’ en ‘forest line’.
(AmE) treeline = boomgrens = de grens waarboven geen enkele boom meer kan groeien
(AmE) timberline = (BrE/IntE) forest line = boomgrens = de grens waarboven geen normale boomgroei, d.w.z. van gegroepeerde bomen, met een gesloten bladerdek / bossen meer mogelijk is, maar nog wel van individuele, in hun groei geremde bomen (zie www.dictionary.com: “trees growing between the timberline and the treeline are typically stunted”)
 |
 |
(AmE) yard lumber = gesorteerd, geschaafd, en op maat gezaagd hout
(AmE) dimension lumber = ongeschaafd, op maat gezaagd hout
Voorbeelden van (AmE) timber / (AmE) lumber:
– “The land around it was thick with hardwoods, valuable timber Seth had mortgaged repeatedly and parlayed into wealth.”(John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 1)
– “He said he was in the lumber and timber business; owned some sawmills in Alabama (…).” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 1)
– “Seth was back in the timber and lumber business.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 5) [= bosbouw en houtverwerkingsindustrie]
– “[H]e borrowed heavily (…) to buy a big lumber mill near Dothan, Alabama. I was working there, buying timber (…).”(John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 8)
– “More factories, more lumber mills, more timber leases” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 8) [timber leases = houtkapvergunningen]
– “Seth bought (…) lumberyards and saw mills, along with thousands of acres of timber.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 8)
– “Mr. Hubbard had once had extensive holdings in lumber, furniture, and timber rights throughout the Southeast. “(John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 10)
– “(…) acres of raw timber were on the right.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 14)
– “[H]e stayed busy that week trying to sell three tracts of timberland in South Carolina.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 42)
– “The following morning he sold the timberland in South Carolina for a substantial loss. ” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 45)
– “We had eighty acres. (…) Most of it was in timber, but there was some farmland my grandfather had cleared.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 46)
– He cuts timber part-time. (John Grisham, Gray Mountain, ch. 9)
– She had wanted a house, and they had to haul the timber two hundred miles. (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 75)
– The country was beautiful, with plenty of grass and timber enough in the creek bottoms for building a house and corrals. (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 98)
– Newt had been on wood detail, dragging dead timbers up from the creek and helping Pea Eye and Pete Spettle split them. [> boomstammen] (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 99)
– Lindeen came up a steep slope through scattered timber onto a hogback ridge that forced him eastward. Riding the narrow ledge between that ridge and the lower timber, he finally halted (…), looking down across steep timber north and west (…). The horse stood just in the edge of the timber just below him (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 2)
– They came out of the dark timber into a soft afternoon glow (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 4)
– That’s timbered country, and hilly (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 11)
– It was past noon when Lindeen came through scrubby timber (…). This was at the end of five hours of circuitous riding through rough country full of (…) deep thickly timbered canyons (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 12)
– He dropped into screening timber and felt better. (…) He came down out of the timber into a canyon (…). But a gun spoke to him out of the high timber to the westward (…). A rifle cracked viciously above him and behind him and Lindeen turned in the saddle and laid two fast shots into that suddenly populous timber. (…) But men came popping out of the timber behind him now (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 13)
– Lindeen could see how that landslide had ripped the slope clean of brush and timber. (…) he came abruptly to the bluff (…), seeking an arrayo that would let him down onto the timbered benches. (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 15)
– A voice spoke to him out of a tangle of timber off to the southward (…). Two riders came down to them out of the timber (…). There was timber here and steep country and he felt the horse under him labor. (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 17)
– He cursed and spurred west, up-slope and into thin timber (…). He came out of the timber into bright moonlight (…). There was timber here and black shadow. (…) Ahead of him, in the timber, he could hear Cramer’s voice (…). Lindeen swerved a little, taking to the timber in preference to the open trail along the bottom of the canyon. (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 18)
– The land dropped off steeply at the foot of the canyon and this was Dyker’s Hole: a great cup, steep-sided but not sheer, the sharp slopes timbered in some places, naked in others. (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 18)
– He saw the two riders just as he came out of the timber into the edge of the clearing (…). (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 20)
– Early afternoon of the third day, in high timbered country, they looked out over a yellow stretch of plain (…). (Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 4)
– Now they stepped into the saddles and nudged their mounts out of the timber diagonally down the slope that fell to the plain (…).(Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 4)
– Now they doubled back more than a mile before climbing into the timber again, following switchbacks single file as the hill rose steeper. (Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 4)
– Hours later, towards evening, they were traveling northeast, and now began a winding, gradual climb into timber, scrub oak at first, then cedar and sycamores and finally, when they were high up, pines. (Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 7)
– You could have passed them in timber. You could have missed them easily and there would not have been a dust rise in the trees. (…) Higher up in the timber they dismounted. (…) With first light they were moving down through the timber, through the gray mist that clung to the trees, left behind by night. (…) In timber again, in the shadowy silence of it, they looked back down the way they had come. (Elmore Leonard, The Bounty Hunters, chapter 13)
– “We had a good hurricane season, lots of demand for plywood and lumber.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 8)
– “He’s a longtime employee at the lumberyard.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 42)
– “He would have shown an enthusiatic burst of interest in lumber and furniture.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, chapter 38)
– “More huricanes meant more property damage and demand for lumber.” (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 42)
– He was a lumberman by vocation. (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 9)
– Joseph died of a heart attack at the wheel of a lumber truck on its way to San Jose (…). (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 1)
– (…) there were too many of them (…) who came running over from the supply detail and grabbed hunks of lumber and started clubbing at the two wild men. (Elmore Leonard, Forty Lashes Less One, chapter 5)
– the building was just two stories of frame lumber. (Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, chapter 8)
– [The cabin was] a rustic square made of old timbers. (John Grisham, Gray Mountain, ch. 28)
– [T] he ground floor was constructed of stone and heavy timbers.
– The rest looked for work in a lumber industry now decimated by federal timber policies. ( Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 14)
– the hundred-year-old timbers that he had salvaged from some closed-down mill in Colorado. (Steve Martini, The Jury, chapter 8)
– The last compromise between environmentalists and the White House on timber harvests for federal land closed all the mills. (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 9)
– The recent rains had run off the barn and started to run back under the foundation timbers, gouging out a hole. (Louis L’Amour, Hondo, chapter 1)
– He rode north into that black-cuting canyon and saw the mouth of a stope at the far end of it; a black square hole with heavy timbers jutting out under the loose rubble of the upper slope. (…) He stood close to the timbers and sent his shout down the black slant of the tunnel (…)He pressed close to the timber. (…) Logan said, ‘I’ve got four sticks planted here at the base of the timbering. Get back from that rat-hole before they shoot you. (E.B. Mann, Troubled Range, chapter 18)
Voorbeeld van (BrE) lumber:
– [T]hey heaved the usual lumber out of the shop (…) [T]he old couple were (…) carrying indoors all the junk they had put outside. (Frances Fyfield, Blind Date, chapter 10)
25. (AmE) to pry = (BrE)prise/prize
(BrE) prise*, prize = (AmE) pry off, pry open = openwrikken, loswurmen
(BrE/AmE/figuurlijk) pry into, pry out of = (1) ontfutselen, (2) zich bemoeien (met)
The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English (3e editie, 2009) geeft de volgende Usage Note:
“’to pry into sb’s affairs” = (BrE/AmE) zich bemoeien met andermans zaken = zijn neus in andermans zaken steken
Voorbeeld (BrE) prise/prize:
– Someone had prized open his fist (…). (Frances Fyfield, Blind Date, chapter 17)
– You and me both, said his mother, unable to prise away either her arms from his or his from hers (…) (Frances Fyfield, Deep Sleep, ch. 12)
– Quiet child, Ryan thought. Fit as a monkey, and, given the task of prizing secrets out of his little head. (Frances Fyfield, Shadows on the Mirror, ch. 9)
– She tried to prise it open, broke her nails on the edge. (Frances Fyfield, The Art of Drowning, ch. 20)
– I would smooth my hair if I could prise my fingers apart. (Frances Fyfield, A Question of Guilt, ch. 11)
– He could no more have prised himself from her side than he could have leapt over the moon. (Frances Fyfield, Looking Down, ch. 10)
– It took painful seconds to prise her fingers away. (P.D. James, Original Sin, chapter 46)
– He prised the sheet of paper from the railing. (P.D. James, Original Sin, chapter 46)
– Gently, William prised away the tea-cloth. (Frances Fyfield, Staring at the Light, chapter 3)
– jaws locked (…) until prised apart or the hand torn away. (Frances Fyfield, Staring at the Light, chapter 9)
– William prised himself away from the wall. (Frances Fyfield, Staring at the Light, chapter 14)
Voorbeelden (AmE) pry:
– pry secrets out of an old white man (John Grisham, Sycamore Row, ch. 35)
– Stella pried his hands off ….(Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, ch. 13)
– Stella tried to pry his arm off but the man was too strong. (Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Trial by Fire, ch. 15)
– He inserted the crowbar and pried it open. (Stephen Frey, The Insider, ch. 22)
– Fletcher could pry himself away (…) (Steve Martini, The Simeon Chamber, chapter 11)
– He told her they couldn’t be pried apart with a crowbar (…). (Elmore Leonard, Cat Chaser, chapter 13)
– I dumped the toilet gear out, pried up the false bottom (…). (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 8)|
– It made sense that Almah should try to pry loose all the money she could. (John D. MacDonald, The Girl in the Plain Brown Wrapper, chapter 14)
– I couldn’t try to pry it out of him. (John D. MacDonald, The Turquoise Lament, chapter 8)
– Kesner wanted to pry him loose a little (…). (John D. MacDonald, Free Fall in Crimson, chapter 18)
koevoet, breekijzer = (IntE) crow bar = (AmE ook) pry bar = (AmE) a jimmy
Voorbeelden (AmE) pry bar / a jimmy:
– Joselyn could see the tool marks in the paint where a pry bar had been inserted. (Steve Martini, Critical Mass, chapter 17)
– a pry bar (John D. MacDonald, Free Fall in Crimson, chapter 14)
Voorbeeld (AmE) to jimmy (open) = openwrikken, -breken:
– Virgil had to jimmy open Mr. Perez’s locked attaché case. (Elmore Leonard, Unknown Man #89, chapter 21))
| vertalersnoot: Voorbeeld van prise = wrikken, wurmen, etc. in een Amerikaanse tekst: – I prised the top off the beef stew with noodles. (John D. MacDonald, The Quick Red Fox, chapter 12) |
26. (AmE) trade names/brands often used in a generic way:
Vaak moeten deze woorden met een hoofdletter geschreven omdat het nog steeds ‘registered trade marks” zijn.
De APA style guide kan hierover uitsluitsel geven.
| tools
– Stanley knife |
medicine
– Kleenex |
office
– Filofax |
kitchen
– Saran wrap |
clothes
– Windbreaker |
food & drink
– Jell-O |
toys & games
– Frisbee |
miscellaneous
– a Suburban |
tools & materials
– Stanley knife (= utility knife, box knife)
– X-acto Knife = surgical knife, hobby knife
– Spyder-Co knife (e.g. in Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky)
– Porta-John = portable toilet (e.g. in Elmore Leonard, Tishomingo Blues)
– Allen wrench / (BrE) Allen key = hex key = (Ned) imbussleutel ( e.g. in David Baldacci, Saving Faith)
– Crescent wrench
– Stillson wrench = cylinder wrench
– Mole wrench / (BrE) Mole grip
– Phillips(head) screwdriver / Phillips screw / Pozidriv (PZ) / Suadriv = kruiskopschroevendraaier / kruiskopschroef (e.g. in Steve Martini, Critical Mass
– Formica = decorative laminate
– Bondo = plastic body-filler (e.g. “a Bondo-fendered car” in Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections)
– Sheetrock (wall) = drywall = (Ned) gipsplaat (“Sheetrock walls”, John Grisham, The Appeal / The Rainmaker)
– Plexiglass = acrylic glass, polymethyl methacrylate (John Grisham, King of Torts)
– Mace = tear gas = traangas
– Spackle = (BrE) Polyfilla™ = (Ned.) plamuur (e.g. “Spackle-covered” in James Ellroy, L.A. Confidential)
kitchen & homecare
– Saran wrap
– Reynolds wrap (also refer to: Food & Kitchen note 50)
– Iglo cooler
– Hoover = vacuum cleaner
– Kerr jar = (BrE) Kilner jar = (Ned) weckfles: Kerr quart jar (John Grisham), Kerr pint jar
– Ball-jar = (BrE) Kilner jar = weckfles (e.g. “wax-sealed Ball-jars containing original species collected by Charles Darwin“, Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol, chapter 11)
– Mason jar = (BrE) Kilner jar = weckfles
– Ventahood = (Ned) afzuigkap (John Grisham, The Pelican Brief)
– Windex = (Ned) Glassex (e.g. “the Windex squirt bottle” in Elmore Leonard, Stick)
– Dumpster = (Ned.) klico (John Grisham, The Rainmaker)
– Thermos = vacuum flask
office equipment
– Filofax = personal organizer
– Xerox
– Acco clip = binder clip = (BrE) foldback clip
– Magic Marker = Sharpie = permanent marker (e.g. in Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky)
– Scotch tape = (BrE) Sellotape = cellophane tape
– Wite-Out = correction fluid = (BrE) Typ-Ex = (AusE) Liquid Paper = (Ned) typex
– Post-It = sticky paper
toys & games
– Frisbee = flying disk
– Crayolas (= crayons) (e.g. in Scott Turow, The Laws of My Father)
– the Slinger = (Ned. kermisattractie: de zweef)
– Ferris Wheel = big wheel = (Ned) reuzenrad
– Play-Doh = (BrE) Plasticine = modeling clay
– Hoola Hoop = toy hoop
– Rollerblades = inline skates
– Ping Pong = tabletennis
– Tinkertoys (e.g. in Michael Crichton, Rising Sun)
food & drink
– Jell-O (e.g. in Steve Martini, The Judge)
– Oreo (cookies)
– Dixie cup = paper cup: “a Dixie cup of water” (Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent)
– Kool-Aid: “drinking the Kool-Aid” (Baldacci = in gladde praatjes geloven) = limonadepoeder (e.g. in David Baldacci, The Sixth Man)
– Popsicle = ice pop = (BrE) ice(d) lolly = lollipop = (AusE) icy pole = (Ned) ijslollie, waterijsje
– Coke = cola, pop
– Styrofoam (cups) = foam plastic = (Ned) piepschuim(bekers) (e.g. in David Baldacci, The Collectors & Nancy Taylor Rosenberg, Mitigating Circumstances & Michael Crichton)
– a Kroger = supermarket, grocery store (John Grisham, Runaway Jury)
clothes & textile
– Windbreaker = (BrE) windcheater = (Ned) windjack (e.g. in Steve Martini, The Judge)
– Spandex = elastane = (Ned) stretchstof, elastaan (e.g. in John Grisham, The Partner)
– Lycra = elastane = (Ned) stretchstof, elastaan (e.g. “a Lycra wig cap” in Scott Turow, Limitations)
– Jockey shorts, Jockey briefs, Jockeys = (BrE) Y-Fronts = (Ned) herenonderbroek
– Velcro = (Ned) klitterband: “she had Velcroed the flashlight around her head” (e.g. in Steve Martini, Critical Mass & Steve Baldacci & Michael Crichton, Jurrasic Park)
– Stetson = cowboy hat
– Kevlar vest = kogelvrij vest (e.g. in Michael Crichton, Rising Sun)
home & furniture
– Jacuzzi (tub) – whirlpool bath (e.g. in David Baldacci, True Blue &Micael Crichton, Rising Sun)
– Hide-A-Bed
– Murphy bed = fold-away (bed)
finance & commerce
– Realtor = real estate agent
medicine & bodycare
– Kleenex = (paper) tissue
– Band-Aid = (BrE) Elastoplast
– Zantac = (Ned.) Rennie, Strepsil, maagzuurremmer, maagtablet (e.g. “the inevitable Zantac moment” in Scott Turow< Personal Injuries)
– Tums = (Ned.) Rennies, Strepsils, maagzuurremmers, maagtabletten
– Rolaids = (Ned.) Rennies, Strepsils, maagzuurremmers, maagtabletten (Taylor Rosenberg)
– Advil = (Ned) paracetamol, pijnstiller, Aspirine: “he took three Advil” (e.g. in David Baldacci, Saving Faith & The Sixth Man & Hell’s Corner)
– Tylenol = paracetamol
– Novocain = novocaine = (Ned.) pijnstiller (e.g. in John Griham, The Partner)
– Q-Tips = cotton swabs = (BrE) cotton buds = (AusE) cotton tips
– Chapstick = lip balm
garden & agricuture
– Weed Eater = (Ned) randjesmaaaier, grastrimmer, strimmer (e.g. in John Grisham, The Brethren)
– Bush Hog = rotary cutter = (Ned) (type) cyclomaaier
– Astro Turf = artificial turf
miscellaneous
– a Suburban = SUV
– Laundromat = coin laundry (e.g. in John Grisham, The Brethren)
– Zamboni = ice resurfacer
– a Quonset (hut) = (BrE) Nissen hut / Romney hut (e.g. in Michael Crichton, State of Fear, Avon p. 210)
– a Five-and-Dime: “the five-and-dime” (Turow)
– Energizer Bunny = (Ned) Duracel konijn
The above information is under constant review. For your comments, please contact: info@vertaalbureaus.biz